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摘要:
为研究辽宁省地质灾害隐患点发育规律，为防灾减灾提供决策支持，基于辽宁省1∶5万地质灾害隐患点风险调查项目成果数据、ALOS卫星地形高程数字模型(digital elevation model, DEM)数据以及辽宁省区域地质志数据，利用ArcGIS软件，使用核密度分析、邻域分析、坡度分析、坡向分析、山体阴影、栅格重分类等方法开展研究。结果表明: 在辽宁省范围内，地质灾害隐患点多发育在辽西北低山丘陵区及辽东、辽南山区，大连市是地质灾害隐患点数量最多的地级市，鞍山市是地质灾害隐患点密度最高的市; 滑坡隐患点多位于地形切割强烈和边坡陡峻地带; 崩塌隐患点主要受花岗岩、变质岩、碎屑岩控制，多发生在坡度大于60°的陡崖地带; 泥石流隐患点主要发育在距断裂两侧2.5 km范围的花岗岩、混合花岗岩、片麻岩中; 地面塌陷和地裂缝隐患点多由矿产开采造成，主要分布地层为第四系、碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩。研究可进一步揭示辽宁省地质灾害隐患点的分布规律情况，深化对地质灾害的科学认知, 为地质灾害的预测、评估、防治和防灾减灾工作提供数据支撑和科学参考。
Abstract:In order to study the development law of geological hazard potential sites in Liaoning Province and provide decision support for disaster prevention and mitigation, the authors in this paper used results of 1∶50 000 geological hazard risk survey project, ALOS satellite DEM data, regional geological data of Liaoning Province and ArcGIS software to conduct research by kernel density analysis, neighborhood analysis, slope analysis, aspect analysis, mountain shadow, raster reclassification and other methods. The results show that geological hazard potential sites are mostly developed in the low mountainous and hilly areas in the northwestern Liaoning and the mountainous areas in the eastern and southern Liaoning. Dalian is the city with the largest number of geological hazard potential sites, and Anshan is the city with the highest density of geological hazard potential sites. The landslide potential sites are mostly located in areas with strong terrain cutting and steep slopes. And the collapse potential sites are mainly controlled by granite, metamorphic rock and clastic rock, and mostly occur in steep cliffs with a slope greater than 60 degrees. The debris flow potential sites are mainly developed in granite, mixed granite and gneiss within 2.5 km from both sides of the fault. Ground subsidence and ground fissures are primarily caused by mining activities, and they are mainly distributed in the Quaternary strata, clastic rocks, and carbonate rocks. This research could further reveal the distribution patterns of geological disasters in Liaoning Province, and deepen the scientific understanding of geological disasters, which could provide data support and scientific references for the prediction, assessment, prevention and mitigation of geological disasters.
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Key words:
- geological hazards /
- spatial distribution /
- GIS /
- Liaoning Province
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表 1 辽宁省各地市地质灾害隐患点基本情况统计
Table 1. Statistics of the basic situation of geological hazard potential sites in various cities of Liaoning Province
城市 面积/km2 隐患点数量/个 密度/(个·100 km-2) 滑坡 崩塌 泥石流 地面塌陷 地裂缝 总计 沈阳市 12 859.90 0 2 0 11 0 13 0.10 大连市 13 739.32 33 264 106 14 0 417 3.04 鞍山市 9 255.35 22 55 248 3 0 328 3.54 抚顺市 11 271.05 14 47 35 4 7 107 0.95 本溪市 8 413.96 21 74 59 3 0 157 1.87 丹东市 14 966.74 21 92 67 8 0 188 1.26 锦州市 10 048.32 0 28 15 6 0 49 0.49 营口市 5 424.65 6 42 122 1 0 171 3.15 阜新市 10 327.01 5 2 0 7 0 14 0.14 辽阳市 4 735.79 8 19 3 14 0 44 0.93 盘锦市 4 102.95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 铁岭市 12 984.52 17 33 0 16 0 66 0.51 朝阳市 19 697.88 13 41 7 8 0 69 0.35 葫芦岛市 10 414.29 9 47 14 16 0 86 0.83 合计 14 8241.73 169 746 676 111 7 1 709 1.15 
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表 2 滑坡隐患点在各类岩石地层中发育占比
Table 2. Proportion of potential landslide sites developed in various rock formations
地层岩性 规模等级 滑坡数量/个 数量占比/% 第四系 大型 1 0.59 小型 4 2.37 火山岩 中型 1 0.59 小型 14 8.28 碎屑岩 巨型 1 0.59 中型 3 1.78 小型 35 20.71 碳酸盐岩 中型 1 0.59 小型 15 8.88 花岗岩 小型 44 26.04 闪长岩 小型 3 1.78 基性侵入岩 小型 1 0.59 变质岩 小型 46 27.22 合计 169 100.00
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表 3 滑坡隐患点与边坡坡度关系
Table 3. Statistics of the relationship between potential landslide sites and slope gradient
微地貌 陡崖
(＞60°)陡坡
(25°, 60°]缓坡
(8°, 25°]平台
[0°, 8°]滑坡/个 33 120 15 1 数量占比/% 19.52 71.01 8.88 0.59
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表 4 崩塌隐患点在各类岩石地层中发育占比
Table 4. Proportion of potential collapse sites developed in various rock formations
地层岩性 规模等级 数量/个 数量占比/% 第四系 中型 1 0.13 小型 22 2.95 火山岩 中型 5 0.67 小型 53 7.10 碎屑岩 大型 2 0.27 中型 15 2.01 小型 127 17.02 碳酸盐岩 大型 2 0.27 中型 16 2.14 小型 86 11.53 花岗岩 大型 2 0.27 中型 17 2.28 小型 202 27.08 闪长岩 中型 1 0.13 小型 8 1.07 基性侵入岩 中型 1 0.13 小型 9 1.21 变质岩 中型 14 1.88 小型 163 21.86 合计 746 100.00
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表 5 崩塌隐患点与边坡坡度关系
Table 5. Statistics of the relationship between potential collapse sites and slope gradient
微地貌 陡崖
(＞60°)陡坡
(25°, 60°]缓坡
(8°, 25°]平台
[0°, 8°]崩塌/个 522 203 21 0 数量占比/% 69.98 27.21 2.81 0
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表 6 泥石流隐患在各类岩石地层中发育占比
Table 6. Proportion of potential debris flow sites developed in various rock formations
地层岩性 规模等级 数量/个 数量占比/% 火山岩 中型 6 0.89 小型 14 2.07 碎屑岩 大型 2 0.30 中型 8 1.18 小型 22 3.25 碳酸盐岩 特大型 1 0.15 大型 3 0.40 中型 11 1.63 小型 16 2.37 花岗岩 特大型 3 0.40 大型 15 2.22 中型 145 21.45 小型 185 27.37 闪长岩 大型 1 0.15 中型 9 1.33 小型 16 2.37 基性侵入岩 中型 1 0.15 变质岩 特大型 2 0.30 大型 9 1.33 中型 75 11.09 小型 132 19.53 合计 676 100.00
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表 7 泥石流隐患点与边坡坡度关系
Table 7. Relationship between potential debris flow sites and slope gradient
山坡坡度/(°) [32°, 60°) (25°, 32°] (15°, 25°] [0°, 15°] 泥石流/处 286 280 89 21 数量占比/% 42.31 41.42 13.16 3.11
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表 8 地面塌陷和地裂缝隐患在各类岩石地层中发育占比
Table 8. Proportion of potential ground collapse and ground fissure sites developed in various rock formations
地层岩性 规模等级 数量/个 数量占比/% 大型 13 11.02 第四系 中型 9 7.63 小型 24 20.34 火山岩 中型 1 0.85 特大型 5 4.24 大型 4 3.39 碎屑岩 中型 5 4.24 小型 12 10.17 特大型 1 0.85 碳酸盐岩 大型 2 1.69 中型 3 2.54 小型 21 17.80 大型 1 0.85 花岗岩 中型 1 0.85 小型 3 2.54 闪长岩 特大型 1 0.85 变质岩 大型 3 2.54 小型 9 7.63 合计 118 100.00
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