Characteristics and activity of Sanzao fault zone in Lianhuashan tectonic zone of Guangdong
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摘要:
三灶断裂带是莲花山构造带西束的分支，是构造带在珠江口西岸的延伸，已有资料和研究认为该断裂带可能为活动断裂。通过野外地质调查、微动法勘探、浅层地震法勘探、钻孔验证、碎粉岩年代测试，对三灶断裂带在横琴地区的展布特征及活动性开展研究。结果表明：三灶断裂带总体走向为NE—NEE向，倾向北西，错断了上更新统三角层，断裂带内的碎粉岩光释光(optically stimulated luminescence, OSL)测年结果为(27.77±2.99) ka和(22.24±1.04) ka，指示横琴地区在晚更新世晚期发生过一次较大规模的脆性断裂活动。研究可为横琴粤澳深度合作区的城市建设和防灾减灾提供参考。
Abstract:Sanzao fault zone is a branch of the western beam of Lianhuashan tectonic zone, and also the extension of the fault zone on the west bank of Pearl River estuary. This fault was defined as an active fault by existing data and research. The distribution characteristics and activity of Sanzao fault zone in Hengqin area were studied through detailed field geological survey, micro-motion method, shallow seismic exploration, drilling verification and clastic rock age test. The results show that the overall strike of Sanzao fault zone is NE-NEE trending and dipping north west, which dislocated the mottled clay of the Upper Pleistocene deltaic deposits. The results of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of clastic rocks in the fault zone are (27.77±2.99) ka and (22.24±1.04) ka, indicating a large-scale brittle fault activity in the Late Pleistocene in Hengqin area. The research could provide references for urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation in Guangdong-Macao in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin area.
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表 1 横琴地区主要NE向断裂特征
Table 1. Main faults characteristics of Hengqin area
断裂名称(编号) 产状 断裂特征 断裂性质 调查方法 马骝洲(F1-1) 走向约65°，倾向东南，倾角60°~70° 微动法测线出现等值线凹陷和低速异常，岩面明显变深 - 微动法测线L3揭露 小横琴(F1-2) 150°~170°∠75°~80° 延伸长度约10 km，断面平直陡峭，断裂面发育硅质、铁质薄膜、擦痕等 多期活动断裂 地表追索 石头咀(F1-3) 倾向北，倾角约70° 微动法测线显示等值线凹陷和低速异常，岩面明显变深 - 微动法测线L2揭露 中心沟(F1-4) 走向约70°，倾向北西，倾角60°~70° 微动法测线出现等值线凹陷和向深部延伸的低速异常带；浅层地震横波反射出现向深部延伸的低速异常和波组不连续异常，反射波组同相轴均出现连续性变差、错断的现象 多期活动断裂 微动法测线L1、浅层地震法测线L6及L7揭露 牛角坑(F1-5) 320°~330°∠50°~60° 延伸长度约10 km，在牛角坑水库有露头，实际影响宽度超10 m，断裂具有明显分带性，从中心向两侧可以划分出硅化构造角砾岩带和花岗质碎裂岩带；在隐伏区布设的微动法测线出现等值线凹陷和低速异常，岩面明显变深 多期活动断裂 地表追索、隐伏段浅层地震法测线L6揭露 深井坳(F1-6) 330°~360°∠60°~80° 延伸长度约10 km，影响宽度超10 m。在横琴长隆站旁可见完整露头，发育的构造岩类型有碎粉岩、磨砾岩-压碎角砾岩、构造角砾岩、硅化岩、碎裂岩等。 以压扭性左行走滑断裂为主，晚期发育一期右行走滑断裂 地表追索、隐伏段通过钻孔GCZ04揭露 黄茅形(F1-7) 330°~350°∠50°~60° 断裂带宽约30 cm，主要由花岗质构造角砾岩，构造岩发生片理化，根据片理化的S-C组构可以判断为左行走滑断裂 压扭性左行走滑断裂 地表追索 南湾(F1-8) 320°~350°∠50°~70° 断裂带为宽约1.5 m的硅化岩带，围岩花岗岩也受硅化影响，硅化岩带内部空洞较多，指示硅化岩带是由于张性活动而形成 张性正断裂 地表追索 石栏洲(F1-9) 295°~330°∠75°~85° 断裂破碎带宽约1 m，主要由花岗质碎裂岩、构造透镜体和构造角砾岩组成，角砾呈棱角状，直径0.5~5 cm不等 左行走滑断裂 地表追索 注：“-”表示断裂性质不明。 
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表 2 样品特征及光释光分析结果
Table 2. Sample characteristics and optically stimulated luminescence analysis results
编号 岩性 成分 样品长度/cm ω(U)/10-6 ω(Th)/10-6 ω(K)/% 年龄/ka B038-1 花岗质碎粉岩 烟灰色石英、花岗岩角砾及少量花岗质糜棱岩 15 22.21±1.11 22.77±1.13 3.21 22.24±1.04 B038-2 花岗质碎粉岩 烟灰色石英、花岗岩角砾及少量花岗质糜棱岩 15 16.30±0.81 20.74±1.03 3.26 27.77±2.99
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表 3 珠江口两岸NE向与NEE向断裂年龄统计
Table 3. Statistics of NE and NEE faults ages on both sides of the Pearl River estuary
地区 地点 断裂名称 断裂走向 样品类型 年龄/ka 测试方法 香港 屯门蝴蝶湾[31] 东涌—大埔海断裂 NE向 断层物质 110.8±9.2 TL 大屿山阴澳笃[31] NE向 断层泥 82±6.8 TL 黄泥屋[32] NE向 剪切带物质 98.3±6.3 TL 横琴 长隆站东侧 深井坳断裂 NEE向 花岗质碎粉岩 22.24±1.04 OSL 花岗质碎粉岩 27.77±2.99 OSL 三灶 东咀[13] 东咀断裂 EW向 碎粉岩 32.3±2 TL 老爷仔[13] 老爷仔断裂 EW向 碎粉岩 120 TL 斜尾村西南侧[33] 构造岩 183±15.6 TL 东咀[13] 欧排咀—东咀断裂 NE—NEE向 花岗质碎斑岩 180 TL 香洲 白莲山[33] 白藤山—吉大断裂 NE—NEE向 碎粉岩 142±11.3 ESR 湾仔[33] 湾仔断裂 NE向 糜棱质碎粉岩 540±48.6 ESR 江门 大襟岛[33] 高栏岛断裂 NE—NEE向 碎粉岩 172.8 TL
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