Structural sedimentary characteristics and oil & gas exploration potentials of Paleogene System in Sanmenxia basin of Henan Province
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摘要:
为了查明三门峡盆地的构造演化、古近系沉积特征及油气地质条件，依据二维地震解释、钻井测井、露头、实验数据等资料，对三门峡盆地构造演化、断层发育和沉积相特征进行研究，并探讨其油气勘探潜力。结果表明，三门峡盆地发育3个活动期次的正断层: 第一期断裂为形成于燕山运动末期的控盆断裂; 第二期断裂为形成于喜山期的盆内控凸、控凹断裂; 第三期断裂为形成于更新世的盆内调节断层。三门峡盆地经历了5个演化阶段: 前寒武纪变质基底和坳陷槽形成阶段、古生代海侵及造山阶段、中生代地堑式断陷盆地形成阶段、古近纪断陷盆地发展阶段和盆地定型阶段。通过分析共识别出冲积扇相、曲流河相、三角洲相和湖相4种沉积相以及9种沉积亚相和15种沉积微相。古近系小安组暗色泥岩有机碳含量平均值为2.7%，具有较好的生烃物质基础，镜质体反射率分布范围为0.7%~1.1%，烃源岩进入主力生烃阶段，有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主，部分为Ⅲ型，综合评价为中—好烃源岩; 三角洲相、冲积扇相砂岩为储层发育奠定基础，平均孔隙度为19.79%，渗透率分布范围为(5~150)×10-3 μm2，为中孔—中低渗储层，物性较好; 发育“下生上储、自生自储”生储盖组合，推测发育“新生古储”的生储盖组合，具备油气形成和富集的物质基础和地质条件，豫峡地1井钻获工业油流，进一步证实了三门峡盆地具有一定的油气勘探潜力。
Abstract:In order to identify the structural evolution, Paleogene sedimentary characteristics, and hydrocarbon conditions of Sanmenxia basin, the authors studied the structural evolution, fault development, and sedimentary facies characteristics of Sanmenxia basin based on the two-dimensional seismic interpretation, drilling logging data, outcrop features, experimental data, and other data. And the potentials for oil and gas exploration were discussed. The results show that normal faults under 3 active periods were developed in Sanmenxia basin. The first-period faults are basin-controlling faults at the end stage of Yanshanian orogenic movement. The second-period faults are basin internal control concave faults in the Himalayan period. The third-period faults are intra-basin tear faults in Pleistocene System. Sanmenxia basin has experienced five evolutional stages: Precambrian metamorphic basement and depression trough formation stage, Paleozoic transgression and orogeny stage, the formation stage of Mesozoic graben type faults basin, the development stage of Paleogene faults basin and basin finalization stage. Four sedimentary facies, including alluvial fan facies, meandering river facies, delta facies and lacustrine facies, 9 sedimentary subfacies and 15 sedimentary microfacies were identified. Organic carbon content of dark mudstone in Xiao'an Formation is 2.7%, indicating good material base for hydrocarbon generation. The distribution range of vitrinite reflectrance is 0.7%~1.1%, Hydracarbon Source rocks enter the main hydrocarbon production stage, and the organic matter type is mainly type Ⅱ with some of type Ⅲ, indicating medium-good source rock. The delta facies and alluvial fan facies lay the foundation for reservoir development, with the average porosity of 19.79% and the permeability of (5~150)×10-3 μm2, indicating medium porosity -medium low permeability reservoir with good physical properties. The source-reservoir-cap assemblage of lower-source and upper-reservoir model and self-generation and self-storage model was developed. It is speculated that the type of new source and old reservoir model is also developed, meaning it has material basis and geological conditions for the formation and enrichment of oil and gas. The industrial oil flow was obtained during the drilling of Yushandi No.1 well, which further confirms that Sanmenxia basin has certain potentials for oil and gas exploration.
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