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CAO Yan-ling, SONG Liang, LIU Lian, ZHU Wen-feng, CUI Su, WANG Yan-ting, GUO Peng. 2020. Preliminary study on strontium-rich characteristics of shallow groundwater in Dingtao Area, China. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8(3): 244-258. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.03.005
Citation: CAO Yan-ling, SONG Liang, LIU Lian, ZHU Wen-feng, CUI Su, WANG Yan-ting, GUO Peng. 2020. Preliminary study on strontium-rich characteristics of shallow groundwater in Dingtao Area, China. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 8(3): 244-258. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2020.03.005
shu

Preliminary study on strontium-rich characteristics of shallow groundwater in Dingtao Area, China

  • Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China

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    摘要

  • Based on the analysis of element correlation, the Gibbs diagram, hydro-geochemical ion ratios, isoline maps of groundwater and soil, and change patterns of strontium content after normalization, the study examines water-rock interaction of shallow groundwater in Dingtao area. The results suggest that strontium in the study area mainly comes from water-rock interactions, and the strata interacting with groundwater are the top of Quaternary and Neogene. The element correlation analysis shows that the formation of strontium-rich groundwater is sufficiently affected by sulfate and carbonate. The Gibbs diagram suggests that the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly influenced by water-rock interactions, accompanied by evaporation crystallization. c(Ca2++Mg2+)/c(HCO3-+SO42-) reflects that the main reactions in the groundwater system is weathering dissolution of carbonate and sulfate, and ion exchange takes place. c(Na+)/c(Cl-) indicates that Na+ in groundwater may have water-rock interactions with rocks it flows through. c(Cl-)/c(Ca2+) indicates that the hydrodynamic condition in the pumping well is poor and the water circulation is slow. The study examines the macro isoline map change patterns, correlation curves of change of strontium content in groundwater and shallow soil, and correlation curves of change of strontium content in groundwater, shallow soil, and deep soil. The results suggest that the strontium content in the study area has the same change pattern in groundwater and in soil, which further indicates that strontium in the study area comes from water-rock interactions.

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    Table 1.  Statistical analysis of test results of shallow groundwater in the study area

    Items Maximum value Minimum value Average value Standard deviation Variation coefficient(%)
    K+ 118.20 0.63 6.56 19.19 2.93
    Na+ 610.00 53.75 213.31 116.26 0.54
    Ca2+ 142.90 23.82 48.08 26.67 0.55
    Mg2+ 291.75 36.73 132.44 55.91 0.42
    NH4+ 60.00 0.04 3.66 12.61 3.44
    Fe 0.16 0.00 0.02 0.04 2.44
    Al3+ 0.05 0.05 0.05 / /
    Cl- 790.47 47.50 266.06 174.67 0.66
    SO42- 443.61 32.62 191.91 119.57 0.62
    HCO3- 949.22 316.41 589.32 157.32 0.27
    CO32- 103.74 0.00 40.57 28.03 0.69
    F- 2.60 0.20 1.12 0.44 0.39
    Br- 0.10 0.10 0.10 / /
    B- 0.57 0.21 0.37 0.10 0.26
    NO2- 9.00 0.02 0.70 1.55 2.21
    NO3- 10.95 0.30 0.77 1.65 2.14
    HPO42- 8.76 0.00 1.63 1.67 1.02
    Total 2 163.04 571.47 1 077.29 391.81 0.36
    Total hardness 1 469.92 210.72 665.44 269.47 0.40
    Permanent hardness 920.03 0.00 161.22 210.05 1.30
    Temporary hardness 840.28 210.72 504.22 131.74 0.26
    Negative hardness 147.64 0.00 14.94 38.43 2.57
    Total alkalinity 840.28 302.75 519.15 121.07 0.23
    Strontium (Sr) 5.14 0.71 2.40 0.88 0.37
    Lithium (Li) 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.38
    Barium (Ba) 0.67 0.01 0.10 0.14 1.38
    Manganese (Mn) 2.32 0.01 0.51 0.75 1.47
    Intracellular free CO2 2.10 2.10 2.10 / /
    COD 102.84 0.62 15.62 16.88 1.08
    H2SiO3 29.12 5.19 18.70 3.95 0.21
    SiO2 22.40 3.99 14.38 3.04 0.21
    PH 8.73 7.15 7.74 0.29 0.04
    Salinity 3 057.69 753.64 1 510.40 562.90 0.37
    Solids 2 594.38 535.17 1 215.74 506.30 0.42
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table 2.  Correlation coefficient matrix of main chemical elements of groundwater in the study area (n=40)

    Number K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ Fe Cl- SO42- HCO3- CO32- NO3- Total hardness Sr Li Ba H2SiO3 pH Salinity Solids
    K+ 1.000 -0.099 0.194 -0.157 0.126 0.513 -0.045 -0.059 0.040 -0.144 0.947 -0.087 -0.154 0.635 -0.146 0.462 -0.008 -0.007 -0.014
    Na+ 1.000 0.392 0.632 0.391 0.308 0.789 0.823 0.668 0.044 -0.178 0.637 0.526 0.288 -0.109 -0.043 -0.356 0.902 0.899
    Ca2+ 1.000 0.495 0.676 0.614 0.697 0.625 0.250 0.009 0.114 0.670 0.692 0.066 -0.164 -0.006 -0.423 0.621 0.651
    Mg2+ 1.000 0.089 -0.007 0.889 0.791 0.580 -0.054 -0.172 0.977 0.884 0.088 -0.024 -0.109 -0.449 0.853 0.858
    NH4+ 1.000 0.892 0.361 0.341 0.431 0.051 -0.034 0.244 0.322 0.006 -0.081 0.040 -0.276 0.459 0.443
    Fe 1.000 0.276 0.291 0.263 -0.031 0.259 0.146 0.220 -0.036 -0.102 -0.068 -0.243 0.339 0.335
    Cl- 1.000 0.858 0.544 -0.038 -0.070 0.932 0.848 0.166 -0.028 -0.090 -0.464 0.934 0.954
    SO42- 1.000 0.475 0.050 -0.142 0.831 0.719 0.174 -0.106 -0.154 -0.341 0.898 0.924
    HCO3- 1.000 -0.323 -0.091 0.557 0.483 0.223 -0.103 0.162 -0.599 0.753 0.682
    CO32- 1.000 -0.109 -0.044 0.043 -0.027 0.029 -0.174 0.606 -0.042 0.003
    NO3- 1.000 -0.118 -0.154 0.545 -0.089 0.441 0.044 -0.095 -0.091
    Tota hardness 1.000 0.926 0.092 -0.061 -0.094 -0.488 0.882 0.894
    Sr 1.000 -0.068 -0.053 -0.187 -0.427 0.784 0.797
    Li 1.000 -0.236 0.599 -0.055 0.247 0.240
    Ba 1.000 -0.080 0.012 -0.099 -0.095
    H2SiO3 1.000 -0.263 -0.022 -0.049
    pH 1.000 -0.500 -0.463
    Salinity 1.000 0.995
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table 3.  Matrix of significant differences of major chemical elements of groundwater in the study area (n=40)

    Number Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ Fe Cl- SO42- HCO3- CO32- NO3- Total hardness Sr Li Ba H2SiO3 pH Salinity Solids
    K+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.428 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.175 0.035 0.037 0.000 0.697 0.000 0.000
    Na+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.116 0.419 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Ca2+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.223 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Mg2+ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    NH4+ 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.155 0.000 0.528 0.072 0.078 0.000 0.044 0.000 0.000
    Fe 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.074 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Cl- 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    SO42- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    HCO3- 0.000 0.000 0.127 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    CO32- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    NO3- 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Total hardness 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Sr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Li 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    Ba 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
    H2SiO3 0.000 0.000 0.000
    pH 0.000 0.000
    Salinity 0.016
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table 4.  Statistical table of strontium content in groundwater and shallow soil at the same sampling site

    Number Ground-water Sr (mg/L) Shallow soil Sr (mg/L) Number Ground-water Sr (mg/L) Shallow soil Sr (mg/L) Number Groundwater Sr (mg/L) Shallow soil Sr (mg/L)
    DQ01 3.44 208.60 DQ14 2.75 263.70 DQ28 3.25 250.20
    DQ02 2.09 214.60 DQ15 0.71 192.80 DQ29 1.71 234.52
    DQ03 2.91 248.10 DQ17 1.27 244.30 DQ30 1.97 184.80
    DQ04 2.18 222.42 DQ18 4.73 268.10 DQ31 2.11 205.17
    DQ05 2.06 230.20 DQ19 1.85 190.50 DQ32 1.81 207.79
    DQ06 2.52 227.78 DQ20 1.89 215.40 DQ33 3.09 173.20
    DQ07 1.96 267.80 DQ21 2.74 194.40 DQ34 2.77 235.40
    DQ08 3.31 204.00 DQ22 1.92 252.90 DQ35 1.95 242.00
    DQ09 2.14 217.27 DQ23 1.58 245.70 DQ36 2.30 216.50
    DQ10 5.14 230.50 DQ24 2.19 229.80 DQ37 1.73 219.14
    DQ11 3.25 200.60 DQ25 2.58 183.10 DQ38 1.73 217.20
    DQ12 3.74 196.50 DQ26 2.75 252.20 DQ39 2.53 189.37
    DQ13 2.66 209.65 DQ27 1.23 205.10 DQ40 1.72 199.10
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table 5.  Statistical table of strontium content in groundwater, shallow soil, and deep soil at the same sampling site

    Number Groundwater Sr (mg/L) Shallow soil Sr (mg/L) Deep soil Sr (mg/L) Number Groundwater Sr (mg/L) Shallow soil Sr (mg/L) Deep soil Sr (mg/L)
    DQ03 2.91 248.10 208.58 DQ19 1.85 190.50 208.10
    DQ04 2.18 222.42 253.44 DQ20 1.89 215.40 218.90
    DQ06 2.52 227.78 253.43 DQ21 2.74 194.40 217.10
    DQ08 3.31 204.00 193.10 DQ24 2.19 229.80 217.11
    DQ11 3.25 200.60 212.40 DQ30 1.97 184.80 243.90
    DQ12 3.74 196.50 220.50 DQ34 2.77 235.40 212.10
    DQ13 2.66 209.65 213.76 DQ39 2.53 189.37 254.28
    DQ15 0.71 192.80 215.60
    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2020-03-02
录用日期:  2020-05-10
刊出日期:  2020-09-25

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