Geoelectrical survey over perched aquifers in the northern part of Upper Sakarya River Basin, Türkiye
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Abstract:
In this study, a groundwater exploration survey was conducted using the DC Resistivity (DCR) method in a hydrogeological setting containing a perched aquifer. DCR data were gathered and an electrical tomography section was recovered using conventional four-electrode instruments with a Schlumberger array and a two-dimensional (2D) inversion scheme. The proposed scheme was tested over a synthetic three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model before deploying it in a field situation. The proposed method indicated that gathering data with simple four-electrode instruments at stations along a line and 2D inversion of datasets at multiple stations can recover depth intervals of the studied aquifer in the hydrogeological setting even if it has a 3D structure. In this study, 2D inversion of parallel profiles formed a pseudo-3D volume of the subsurface resistivity structures and mapped out multiple resistive (>25 ohm·m) bodies at shallow (between 50–100 m) and deep sections (>150 m). In general, the proposed method is convenient to encounter geological units that have limited vertical and spatial extensions in any direction and presents resistivity contrast from groundwater-bearing geologic materials.
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Key words:
- Groundwater /
- Perched Aquifer /
- DC Resistivity /
- Inversion /
- Sakarya River /
- Türkiye
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Table 1. The wells with their hydraulic test data close to the survey site
Well No Drilling date Depth (m) Static level (m) Dynamic level (m) Flow (lt/sn) W-1a 2009 150 22 25 40 W-2a 2009 150 28 30.5 30 W-4a 2009 156 24 31 33 W-5a 2009 161 30.5 60 6 W-6a 2009 152 12 17 53 28676b n/a 144 19.33 n/a n/a 33116b n/a 102 2.81 n/a n/a 33118b n/a 197 27.51 n/a n/a 41440b n/a 200 15.81 n/a n/a 4375319b n/a 92 4.96 n/a n/a Notes: The data compiled from TİGEM (2012) and General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works Data Archive by personal communication and the well locations are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
n/a (no answer or no information verified)
a The groundwater depth from 2009, not including any season or duration
b The groundwater depth given as an arithmetic mean from 2009. By doing so, the data could be reduced to represent those from 2009 and handled to map with the data outlined in the first five columns
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Table 2. Profile names, distance between first and last station and number of stations
Profile Name PH PJ PK PL PM PN PP PR PS Length 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1600 2000 2000 # of stations 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 6 6
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Table 3. Variation of misfit values in 2D inversion
Profiles PH PJ PK PL PM PN PP PR PS Initial misfit 7.8055 7.032 4.2337 5.3224 5.3085 4.1086 6.0178 9.2251 6.8185 Final misfit 0.0956 0.0536 0.0629 0.0480 0.0440 0.0283 0.03428 0.1734 0.2197 Iteration 100 100 100 100 86 100 100 99 74
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