Discovery and significance of large sedimentary bauxite deposit of Taiyangba in northeastern Yunnan Province
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摘要:
铝土矿是我国重要的战略性矿产之一，渝南—黔北地区是上扬子陆块内著名的成铝区，与之毗邻的滇东北地区整体处于上扬子陆块南部滇东被动陆缘碳酸盐岩台地，是铝成矿的有利区位，但一直未有突破性发现。近年来，基于1∶1万矿产地质调查，通过地表调查、剖面、探槽、钻探和综合研究等手段，笔者团队首次在滇东北大关太阳坝地区发现了一处大型铝土矿。矿体延伸相对稳定，厚度0.82～30.85 m，平均厚度2.14 m；矿石以硬水铝石为主，归属一水型铝土矿，就平均品位而言，w(Al2O3)为59.03%、w(SiO2)为19.03%、铝硅比值（A/S）为4.36，估算资源量达到大型规模。矿床从成因上分为原生的沉积型（为主）和次生的堆积型，矿床展布主要受梁山组（P2l）地层沉积时期沉积相带（滨岸沼泽相带）和新寨子向斜构造控制，与相邻的渝南—黔北成铝区具有相似的成矿条件。该发现表明大关地区为一聚铝盆地，从而拓展了上扬子陆块西缘成铝区范围。该项找矿突破势必带动周边铝土矿的勘查，为建设滇东北地区铝资源基地奠定基础，助推滇东北地区形成新的经济支柱产业，促进乡村振兴。
Abstract:Bauxite is one of the important strategic minerals in China. The area stretching from South Chongqing to North Guizhou is a famous aluminum-forming region in the upper Yangtze landmass. The adjacent northeastern region of Yunnan is located in the carbonate platform of the passive continental margin in the southern part of the upper Yangtze landmass, which is a favorable location for aluminum mineralization, but there has been no breakthrough in discoveries. In recent years, based on the 1∶10 000 mineral geological survey, through surface survey, profile, exploratory trench, drilling, and comprehensive research, the author's team discovered a large bauxite deposit in Taiyangba, Daguan County, northeastern Yunnan, for the first time. The orebody extends relatively steadily, with a thickness ranging from 0.82 to 30.85 meters and an average thickness of 2.14 meters. The ore is primarily composed of hard alumina, categorized as water-type bauxite, with an average grade of 59.03% Al2O3, 19.03% SiO2, and an A/S ratio of 4.36. The estimated resource size reaches a large scale. The ore deposit is classified into primary sedimentary type (mainly) and secondary accumulation type. The distribution of the ore deposit is mainly controlled by the sedimentary facies belt (shore marsh facies belt) of the Liangshan Formation (P2l) and the Xinzhaizi syncline structure, which has similar metallogenic conditions with the aluminum-forming region adjacent to the area stretching from South Chongqing to North Guizhou. The discovery indicates that the Daguan area is an aluminum-rich basin, expanding the scope of the aluminum-forming region on the western margin of the upper Yangtze landmass. This breakthrough in ore prospecting will inevitably drive the exploration of surrounding bauxite deposits, lay a foundation for the construction of an aluminum resource base in northeast Yunnan, boost the formation of a new economic pillar industry in the region, and promote rural revitalization.
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表 1 滇东北地区太阳坝典型铝土矿石主要元素含量（%）
Table 1. Major element contents of typical bauxite of Taiyangba, northeastern Yunnan (%)
样品编号 矿石名称 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 P2O5 MnO S 烧失量 Tc01-H4 致密状铝土矿 24.67 53.86 1.66 0.45 0.07 0.27 0.23 0.015 3.85 0.022 <0.01 1.47 14.44 Tc01-H5 豆状肾状铝土矿 13.76 61.53 2.98 2.32 0.1 0.44 0.05 <0.01 3.3 0.028 <0.01 2.14 14.62 Tc02-H3 豆状铝土矿 21.32 55.5 3.93 0.23 0.067 0.2 0.24 0.031 4.31 0.02 <0.01 0.27 13.65 Tc02-H4 致密状铝土矿 6.91 65.84 7.29 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.088 <0.01 5.27 0.028 <0.01 0.083 14.01 Tc03-H3 碎屑状铝土矿 5.36 72.18 3.13 0.077 0.056 0.33 0.88 <0.01 3.9 0.027 <0.01 0.036 13.61 Tc04-H1 致密状铝土矿 18.37 60.13 0.64 0.12 0.068 0.65 2.34 0.035 4.44 0.022 <0.01 0.011 11.99 Tc04-H2 鲕状铝土矿 2.39 67.64 11.13 0.09 0.057 0.2 0.34 <0.01 4.19 0.046 <0.01 0.047 14.3 DMW-H3 碎屑状铝土矿 7.87 56.52 8.55 8.24 0.06 1.1 0.013 <0.01 4.26 0.03 0.01 0.044 12.92 DMW-H4 碎屑状铝土矿 8.04 60.76 8.15 6.7 0.048 0.82 0.013 <0.01 2.86 0.024 0.013 0.013 12.7 Tc12-H1 致密状铝土矿 2.2 60.66 20.23 0.08 0.073 0.171 0.297 0.019 2.842 0.037 0.011 0.042 14.15 Tc12-H2 碎屑状铝土矿 14.68 64.57 1.3 0.05 0.078 0.338 2.096 0.083 4.697 0.034 0.026 0.0073 12.37 Tc12-H3 鲕状铝土矿 13.14 64.81 2.73 0.03 0.075 0.299 2.067 0.084 3.967 0.029 0.069 0.0088 12.41 Tc13-H2 豆鲕状铝土矿 10.46 67.22 3.8 0.05 0.154 0.274 1.822 0.051 3.244 0.036 0.018 0.023 12.89 注：Tc=探槽；DMW=大麻窝。 
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表 2 滇东北太阳坝地区铝土矿石矿物含量表（%）
Table 2. Mineral contents of typical bauxite of Taiyangba, northeastern Yunnan (%)
分析编号 原编号 硬水铝石 一水软铝石 伊利石 高岭石 绿泥石 锐钛矿 黄铁矿 1 Tc01-B3 48.8 0 3.9 14.3 28.3 4.5 0 2 Tc01-B4 8.4 13.4 1.8 71.1 2.9 2.4 0 3 Tc01-B6 12.0 0.1 2.2 82.1 2.0 1.7 0 4 Tc02-B1 33.6 3.2 2.0 52.5 5.9 2.4 0.4 5 Tc03-B1 16.3 0.5 2.2 78.8 0.3 2.0 0 6 Tc09-B2 78.7 8.3 5.5 7.8 4.5 1.3 0 7 Tc12-B1 57.8 0 13.4 19.1 4.2 4.2 1.4 8 Tc12-B2 84.1 0 4.7 4.5 4.2 3.0 2.4 9 DMW-B1 66.5 13.1 10.0 3.5 6.5 0.4 0 10 DMW-B2 60.6 0 0.1 14.6 16.3 8.5 0 11 DMW-B3 79.1 0 2.5 7.6 6.9 5.0 1.7 注：Tc=探槽；DMW=大麻窝。
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