Geochemical characteristics of source rocks in the Chang 9–Chang 7 members and their correlation with the tight oil sources of Chang 8 member in the Ganquan-Fuxian area, Ordos Basin
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摘要:
为评价鄂尔多斯盆地甘泉—富县地区长9—长7段烃源岩品质，探讨长8致密油油气来源问题，通过TOC、氯仿沥青“A”、岩石热解参数、镜质体反射率、有机质显微组分、生物标记化合物、单体碳同位素等技术方法，研究该区长9—长7段烃源岩生烃潜力、母质来源及沉积环境，并对长8段原油样品进行地球化学分析及油源对比。结果表明：（1）研究区主要发育长9、长8、长7三套暗色泥岩，长9—长7段暗色泥岩有机质类型为Ⅱ1～Ⅱ2型；其TOC含量为3.25%～7.92%，生烃潜量为3.06～38.13 mg/g，氯仿沥青“A”含量为0.18%～0.69%，为最好烃源岩，且均处于高成熟演化阶段。（2）长9—长7段暗色泥岩样品形成于典型的淡水湖泊环境，长9沉积期为氧化—亚氧化沉积环境，长8沉积期为弱还原沉积环境，长7沉积期为强还原沉积环境，长9—长7段烃源岩母质来源为低等水生生物和陆源高等植物混源。（3）研究区长81与长82原油为同一类原油，长9—长7段烃源岩对长8致密油均有贡献，其中以长7烃源岩为主。
Abstract:In order to evaluate the quality of the source rocks in the Chang 9–Chang 7 members in the Ganquan-Fuxian area of the Ordos Basin and explore the hydrocarbon sources of the Chang 8 tight oil. The technical methods of TOC, chloroform asphalt "A", rock pyrolysis parameters, specular mass reflectance, organic matter microfraction, biomarker compounds, and monomeric carbon isotopes were used to study the hydrocarbon generation potential, parent material source, and sedimentary environment of the Chang 9–Chang 7 source rocks in this area. Geochemical analysis and oil-source correlation were performed on the Chang 8 crude oil samples. The results show that: (1) Three sets of dark mudstone mainly developed in the study area, specifically the Chang 9, Chang 8, and Chang 7. The organic matter types of the dark mudstone in the Chang 9–Chang 7 are Type Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2; the TOC content ranges from 3.25% to 7.92%, the hydrocarbon generation potential from 3.06 to 38.13 mg/g, and the chloroform asphalt "A" content from 0.18% to 0.69%, identifying them as the best source rocks, all in a high mature evolution stage. (2) The Chang 9–Chang 7 dark mudstone samples formed in a typical freshwater lake environment: the Chang 9 deposits under oxidation-suboxic conditions, the Chang 8 deposits under weak reduction conditions, and the Chang 7 deposits under strong reduction conditions, indicating that the organic matter of the Chang 9–Chang 7 source rocks is derived from a mixed source of lower aquatic organisms and terrestrial higher plants. (3) The Chang 81 and Chang 82 crude oils in the study area belong to the same type. The source rocks of the Chang 9–Chang 7 contribute significantly to the production of the Chang 8 tight oil, with the Chang 7 source rocks being the primary contributors.
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Key words:
- Ordos Basin /
- source rock evaluation /
- biomarker compounds /
- oil-source correlation
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图 5 Pr/nC17–Ph/nC18关系图（据杨亚南等, 2017修改）
Figure 5.
表 1 甘泉—富县地区长9—长7段暗色泥岩干酪根有机显微组分
Table 1. Kerogen organic macerals of the dark mudstone samples from Chang 9–Chang 7 in the Ganquan-Fuxian area
样品编号 层位 深度/m 腐泥组/% 壳质组/% 镜质组/% 惰性组/% 类型指数 类型 Ht1-1 长7 1392.25 ±0.3580 0 14 6 63.5 Ⅱ1 Ht1-2 长7 1396.25 ±0.282 0 14 4 67.5 Ⅱ1 L229-1 长7 1636.65 60 1 26 13 28 Ⅱ2 L238-1 长8 1634.96 ～1635.25 84 0 10 6 70.5 Ⅱ1 L238-2 长8 1638.04 ～1638.24 85 0 11 4 72.75 Ⅱ1 Ht1-4 长8 1529.19 ±0.2585 0 9 6 72.25 Ⅱ1 Ht1-5 长8 1537.11 ±0.2386 0 11 3 74.75 Ⅱ1 Ht1-6 长9 1549.95 ±0.2584 0 12 4 71 Ⅱ1 Ht1-7 长9 1551.5 ±0.1883 0 6 11 67.5 Ⅱ1 
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表 2 甘泉—富县地区长9—长7暗色泥岩有机地球化学测试数据
Table 2. Organic geochemistry data of the dark mudstone samples from Chang 9–Chang 7 in the Ganquan-Fuxian area
样品编号 层位 深度/m TOC/% 氯仿沥青
“A”/%生烃转化率/% Tmax/℃ S1＋S2/(mg/g) IH/(mg/g) Ro /% Ht1-1 长7 1392.25 ±0.355.33 0.18 3.29 467 11.13 100 1.33 Ht1-2 长7 1396.25 ±0.24.36 0.19 4.47 462 12.55 117.73 1.4 Ht1-3 长7 1398.08 ±0.24.92 / / / / / 1.38 Qt33 长7 1499.43 5.62 0.69 / 440 9.63 115.21 1.21 L229-1 长7 1636.65 4.7 0.67 14.31 456 9.2 122.22 1.36 L229-2 长7 1636.05 4.67 / / / / 0 1.35 Ht1-4 长8 1529.19 ±0.253.61 0.57 15.75 460 5.64 164.88 1.42 Ht1-5 长8 1537.11 ±0.233.71 0.53 14.42 463 5.7 117.25 1.48 L238-1 长8 1634.96 ～1635.25 4.03 0.5 12.29 462 5.63 108.68 1.47 L238-2 长8 1638.04 ～1638.24 4.23 / / / / / 1.62 X119 长8 1639.5 3.25 0.45 / 462 3.06 132.25 1.26 L238-3 长8 1640.99 ～1641.13 3.62 / / / / / 1.46 L238-4 长8 1667.78 ～1667.97 3.51 / / / / / 1.46 L238-5 长8 1671.02 ～1671.81 3.51 0.58 16.64 461 5.62 263.07 / X120 长9 1501.6 7.26 0.53 / 459 22.61 123.12 1.22 Qt36 长9 1625 5.32 0.55 / 461 38.13 135.31 1.2 Qt25 长9 1407.3 7.56 0.51 / 453 26.98 126.59 1.15 Ht1-6 长9 1549.95 ±0.257.52 0.44 5.81 466 8.78 188.93 1.3 Ht1-7 长9 1551.5 ±0.187.92 0.42 5.3 467 8.61 92.55 1.32 注：“/”表示未进行实验。
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表 3 甘泉—富县地区延长组烃源岩正构烷烃与异戊间二烯类烷烃分布特征
Table 3. Distribution characteristics of n-alkanes and isoprene of source rocks in the Yanchang Formation of the Ganquan-Fuxian area
样品编号 层位 样品类型 主碳峰 碳数范围 OEP CPI C21＋C22/
C28＋C29C21－/C22＋ Pr/Ph Pr/nC17 Ph/nC18 Ht1-1 长7 泥岩 nC19 nC10～nC35 1.01 1.07 1.17 1.29 0.79 0.25 0.24 L229-1 长7 泥岩 nC20 nC10～nC35 0.98 1.05 1.21 1.26 0.73 0.15 0.33 L238-1 长8 泥岩 nC20 nC10～nC35 0.98 1.09 2.66 1.08 0.85 0.14 0.13 L238-2 长8 泥岩 nC20 nC10～nC35 0.93 1.05 2.82 1.11 0.59 0.11 0.17 Ht1-4 长8 泥岩 nC18 nC10～nC35 1.00 1.14 3.14 1.62 0.74 0.16 0.20 Ht1-5 长8 泥岩 nC17 nC10～nC35 1.00 1.12 3.44 1.68 1.33 0.12 0.11 Ht1-9 长9 泥岩 nC18 nC10～nC35 1.01 1.09 5.16 3.74 1.33 0.11 0.10
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表 4 甘泉—富县地区延长组烃源岩与原油甾、萜烷参数
Table 4. Source rocks and steroidal and terpene parameters of crude oil in the Yanchang Formation, Ganquan-Fuxian area
样品编号 层位 样品类型 A B C D E F G H I 规则甾烷相对含量 C27 C28 C29 Lp3 长8 原油 0.06 0.87 0.57 0.57 0.51 0.16 0.45 0.58 0.23 44.72 24.99 30.29 Lp1 长8 原油 0.03 0.65 0.77 0.73 0.55 0.15 0.50 0.56 0.24 43.93 25.30 30.77 Lp4 长8 原油 0.30 0.79 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.22 0.39 0.54 0.34 44.04 24.64 31.32 Lp21 长8 原油 0.17 0.76 0.61 0.16 0.53 0.20 0.43 0.54 0.19 39.78 27.00 33.22 Lp23 长8 原油 0.05 0.78 0.69 0.68 0.45 0.21 0.41 0.57 0.26 42.90 21.70 30.00 L229-1 长7 泥岩 0.18 0.80 1.05 0.36 0.51 0.22 0.65 0.50 0.68 47.72 21.25 31.01 Ht1-1 长7 泥岩 0.10 1.71 0.84 0.57 0.52 0.22 0.29 0.49 0.47 44.53 24.32 31.15 Ht1-2 长7 泥岩 0.12 / 1.19 0.96 0.61 0.02 0.55 0.62 0.70 44.56 25.83 29.61 Qt33 长7 泥岩 0.15 0.80 0.69 0.66 0.50 0.03 0.52 0.54 0.56 38.99 27.90 33.11 L238-1 长8 泥岩 0.03 / 0.65 0.27 0.50 0.08 0.26 0.42 0.48 26.76 41.46 31.78 L238-2 长8 泥岩 0.33 1.17 0.92 0.24 0.49 0.22 0.31 0.50 0.39 32.87 18.46 48.68 Ht1-4 长8 泥岩 0.09 2.52 0.59 0.27 0.55 0.06 0.57 0.65 0.34 34.35 22.41 43.24 Ht1-5 长8 泥岩 0.24 2.28 0.41 0.20 0.53 0.04 0.37 0.62 0.36 35.59 27.25 37.16 X119 长8 泥岩 0.13 0.84 0.44 0.36 0.50 0.10 0.54 0.40 0.23 34.30 32.30 33.38 Ht1-6 长9 泥岩 0.51 / 0.45 0.14 0.64 0.08 0.48 0.57 0.38 46.43 24.70 28.27 Ht1-7 长9 泥岩 0.64 0.93 1.26 0.43 0.51 0.26 0.34 0.47 0.30 40.82 17.17 42.01 X120 长9 泥岩 0.24 0.92 0.52 0.17 0.51 0.04 0.47 0.51 0.36 36.51 33.26 30.23 Qt36 长9 泥岩 0.23 0.91 0.51 0.16 0.53 0.03 0.45 0.53 0.31 36.00 34.00 30.23 Qt25 长9 泥岩 0.21 0.91 0.50 0.18 0.52 0.04 0.52 0.42 0.33 38.00 34.00 31.00 注：A. Tm/Ts；B. C20三环萜烷/C23三环萜烷；C. C24四环萜烷/C26三环萜烷；D. 伽马蜡烷指数；E. C31藿烷22S/(22S＋22R)；F. 孕甾烷/规则甾烷；G. αααC2920S/(20S＋20R)；H. C29ββ/(ββ＋αα)；I. 重排甾烷/规则甾烷；“/”表示未检测出。
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