Distribution characteristics and genesis of unconformity surfaces from Late Ordovician to Jurassic in Tarim Basin
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摘要:
不整合研究对盆地演化、古地貌重建及油气勘探具有重要指导意义。受多期构造活动影响，塔里木盆地发育多种不整合。本文通过地震剖面资料分析，研究盆地晚奥陶世—侏罗纪形成的不整合面展布及结构特征，并探讨其动力学机制。研究结果表明：（1）塔里木盆地不整合结构类型主要有平行、削截、褶皱、断褶、叠加超覆、单一超覆及异岩不整合；（2）志留系底界发育断褶、褶皱、削截、叠加超覆、单一超覆及平行不整合，呈东西带状分布，在盆地中南部发育大范围角度不整合，阿瓦提–满加尔坳陷中北部发育平行不整合，塔北隆起发育小范围角度不整合；泥盆—石炭系底界主要发育平行、削截、断褶、单一超覆、叠加超覆及异岩不整合，平面分布具有以北部坳陷沉积中心连线为轴近似南北对称特点；三叠系底界不整合由北向南，发育叠加超覆不整合、低角度削截不整合、平行不整合，反映海西晚期盆地北缘南天山洋闭合造山运动；侏罗系底界发育褶皱、叠加超覆、削截及异岩不整合，整体以满加尔–英吉苏凹陷沉积中心连线为轴似对称分布；（3）不整合面分布特征反映出构造运动的差异性、古隆起的迁移及活动性，不整合对盆内油气成藏具有控制作用。
Abstract:The study of unconformity holds significant guiding importance for basin evolution, paleogeomorphology reconstruction, and oil and gas exploration. Affected by multiple tectonic activities, various types of unconformities have developed in the Tarim Basin. Through the analysis of seismic profile data, the distribution and structural characteristics of the unconformity surfaces formed during the Late Ordovician to Jurassic period in the Tarim basin are studied, and their tectonic mechanisms are discussed. The results show that: (1) The types of unconformity structures in the Tarim Basin are mainly parallel, truncation, fold, fault-fold, superimposed-overlap, single-overlap, and heterogeneous unconformity. (2) The bottom boundary of the Silurian exhibits the development of fault-fold, fold, truncation, superimposed-overlap, single-overlap, and parallel unconformity, distributed in an east-west belt. There is a development of a wide range of angular unconformity in the middle and south of the basin, a development of parallel unconformity in the middle and north of the Awati-Mangar depression, and a development of a small range of angular unconformity in the Tabei uplift.The Devonian-Carboniferous bottom boundary exhibits the development of parallel, truncation, fault-fold, single-overlap, superimposed-overlap, and heterogeneous unconformity, and the plane distribution has the characteristics of north-south symmetry with the axis of the connection of sedimentary centers in the Northern depression. The bottom boundary unconformity of the Triassic exhibits the development of superimposed-overlap unconformity, low-angle truncation unconformity, and parallel unconformity from north to south, reflecting the closed orogenic movement of the southern Tianshan Ocean in the northern margin of the basin in the late Hercynian. A development of fold, truncation, superimposed overlap, and heterogeneous unconformity exhibits in the bottom boundary of the Jurassic, with the axis-like symmetrical distribution of the sedimentary center line in the Manjiaer-Yingjisu depression. (3) The distribution characteristics of the unconformity surfaces reflect the differences in tectonic movements, the migration and activity of paleouplifts, and the controlling role of unconformity on hydrocarbon accumulation in the basin.
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Key words:
- unconformity /
- basin evolution /
- paleogeomorphology /
- Tarim Basin /
- paleouplift
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表 1 塔里木盆地晚奥陶世—侏罗纪不整合面分布统计表
Table 1. Distribution statistical table of the Late Ordovician-Jurassic unconformity surfaces in Tarim Basin
关键变革期不整合面 结构样式 主要分布区域 发育层位 展布特征 志留系底界不整合面 断褶不整合 塔中隆起 S/O3 东西带状分布，展布面为2.43×105 km2 削截不整合 塔中隆起–满西低凸起过渡带 S/O3 褶皱不整合 英买力低凸起 S/O3 平行不整合 北部坳陷中北部 S/O3 叠加超覆不整合 麦盖提−喀什凹陷局部地区、塔中隆起东北部斜坡带 S/O1+2、S/O3 单一超覆不整合 麦盖提−喀什凹陷局部地区、轮南地凸起南部斜坡带 S/O1+2、S/O3 泥盆系—石炭系底界不整合面 断褶不整合 玛东冲断带、
塘古坳陷C/O1+2、C/O3 以阿瓦提–满加尔坳陷沉
积中心连线为轴，南北似对称分布，展布面积为3.54×105 km2削截不整合 轮南低凸起 C/S、C/O3、C/O1+2 平行不整合 满加尔凹陷中部 D/S 叠加超覆不整合 满加尔凹陷中北部 D/S 单一超覆不整合 满西地凸起东南部–满加尔凹陷西南部 D/S 异岩不整合 民丰凹陷 C/AnZ 三叠系底界不整合面 褶皱不整合 英买力低凸起 T/P 由北至南不整合样式由复杂变简单，展布面积为1.96×105 km2 削截不整合 满西低凸起、满加尔凹陷西部 T/P 叠加超覆不整合 轮台凸起向英买力低凸起过渡区、轮南低凸起 T/C、T/D、T/S等 平行不整合 塔中隆起 T/P 侏罗系底界不整合面 削截不整合 孔雀河斜坡西北地区 J/O、J/S 以满加尔–英吉苏凹陷沉积中心连线为轴似对称分布，展布面积为1.90×105 km2 褶皱不整合 满加尔凹陷中东部 J/C 叠加超覆不整合 孔雀河斜坡、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷等 J/T、J/P、J/C 异岩不整合 若羌凹陷 J/AnZ 
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