Chronology, geochemical characteristics and geological significance of ore- bearing granite porphyries in Gaobaoyue Cu-Au deposit, the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, Xizang, China
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摘要:
高保约铜金矿为班公湖–怒江成矿带中段新发现的铜金矿床。矿区主要出露花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩，花岗斑岩为该矿床的含矿岩石。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示，花岗斑岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为（154.5±0.7） Ma，表明斑岩形成时代为晚侏罗世。花岗斑岩为钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩，铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.84～0.98，富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素，亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素[（La/Yb）N = 5.19～8.61]，相对于Rb和Th，亏损 Ba，弱Eu负异常（δEu = 0.70～0.98），具有俯冲带岩浆岩的地球化学特征。斑岩具有均一的锆石Hf同位素组成[εHf（t） = +8.49～+10.28]，锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）为662～546 Ma。斑岩全岩（87Sr/86Sr）i值为
0.7072 ～0.7077 ，εNd（t）值为1.69～2.66，Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄（TDM2）为707～640 Ma，富集放射性Pb[（206Pb/204Pb）i = 18.370～18.437，（207Pb/204Pb）i = 15.665～15.669，（208Pb/204Pb）i = 38.605～38.669]。斑岩全岩Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素存在一定程度的解耦现象。在早期的俯冲过程中，洋壳板片脱水产生的富含水和成矿物质的高氧逸度流体，交代岩石圈地幔并发生部分熔融，形成富含水和成矿物质的高氧逸度幔源岩浆底垫至下地壳底部，形成新生下地壳；在154 Ma左右，班公湖–怒江洋壳北向俯冲消减过程中发生幔源岩浆底侵作用，导致新生下地壳部分熔融，形成高保约含矿斑岩。岩。Abstract:The Gaobaoyue deposit is a newly discovered copper-gold deposit located in the middle section of the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt. The ore deposit is primarily associated with exposed granodiorite and granite porphyry, with the latter being an ore-bearing rock. Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the weighted average 206Pb/238U age of the granite porphyry is (154.5±0.7) Ma, suggesting a Late Jurassic age for its formation. The granite porphyry is a calc-alkaline, metaluminous I-type granite, with an alumina saturation index (A/CNK) ranging from 0.84 to 0.98. It is enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, while depleted in high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements, with (La/Yb)N values ranging from 5.19 to 8.61. Compared to Rb and Th, Ba is depleted. In addition, it exhibits a weak negative europium anomaly, with δEu values varying from 0.70 to 0.98. These geochemical characteristics are typical of magmatic rocks in subduction zones. The porphyry contains homogeneous zircon Hf isotopes with depletion—the εHf(t) values vary from 8.49 to 10.28, and the zircon two-stage model ages (TDM2) range from 662 Ma to 564 Ma. The whole-rock (87Sr/86Sr)i values range from
0.7072 to0.7077 , while the εNd(t) values are from 1.69 to 2.66. The whole-rock Nd isotopic two-stage model ages (TDM2) are from 770 Ma to 640 Ma. The porphyries are enriched in radiogenic whole-rock Pb isotopes, with (206Pb/204Pb)i values varying from 18.370 to 18.437, (207Pb/204Pb)i values from 15.665 to 15.669, and (208Pb/204Pb)i values from 38.605 to 38.669. There is a certain degree of decoupling between the whole-rock Nd isotopes and zircon Hf isotopes. During the early subduction process, high oxygen fugacity fluids rich in water and ore-forming materials, which are generated by the dehydration of the oceanic crust slab, metasomatize the lithospheric mantle and undergo partial melting. Mantle-derived magmas with high oxygen fugacity, rich in water and ore-forming materials, underplate at the bottom of the lower crust, forming a newly formed lower crust. Around 154 Ma, during the northward subduction and consumption process of the Bangong Co-Nujiang oceanic crust, the underplating of mantle-derived magmas occurred, leading to the partial melting of the newly formed lower crust and forming the Gaobaoyue ore-bearing porphyry. -
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图 1 班公湖–怒江成矿带中段地质简图（a，b）（刘洪等，2015；Liu et al.，2018）和高保约地区地质图（c）①
Figure 1.
图 4 花岗斑岩锆石稀土元素配分模式图（a）、U–Th图解（b）和结晶环境判别图解（c） （Grimes et al.，2007）
Figure 4.
图 6 花岗斑岩TAS分类图（a）（Middlemost，1994）、K2O–SiO2图（b）（Peccerillo and Taylor，1976）和A/NK–A/CNK图（c）（Maniar and Piccoli，1989）
Figure 6.
图 7 花岗斑岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化值据Sun and McDonough，1989）
Figure 7.
图 12 花岗斑岩锆石εHf（t）和全岩εNd（t）关系图（底图据Vervoort et al.，2011）
Figure 12.
图 13 花岗斑岩构造环境判别图解（a，b据Defant and Drummond，1990；c，d据Pearce et al.，1984）
Figure 13.
图 14 花岗斑岩氧逸度–温度图解（底图据Ridolfi et al.，2010）
Figure 14.
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