Basement strike-slip faults in the Qijiang area, southeastern Sichuan, and their signficance in reservoir control
-
摘要:
川东南綦江地区的油气勘探已经证实，基底走滑断裂对油气成藏具有重要的控制作用。本文基于对最新获取的三维地震资料的解译，对基底走滑断裂进行精细刻画，分析其形成和演化对油气成藏的控制作用。研究表明，綦江地区基底走滑断裂呈负花状、单条陡立状和多条陡立平行状三种剖面样式，平面上主要呈线性构造、近平行构造、雁列式构造和走滑双重构造等组合样式。基底断裂的走滑拉分强度与东吴期的古地貌高差共同控制岩溶储层的发育，主要表现为3种类型：沿不整合面的表生岩溶、隔水层之上与断裂走向强相关的顺层岩溶，以及与基底断面相关的断裂岩溶。这3类岩溶是川东南綦江地区形成碳酸盐岩优质储层的关键。东吴期活化并开启的基底断裂沟通上下烃源岩层，为茅口组油气藏的运移提供了良好通道。位于綦江地区西南部的栗子–石龙峡地区整体处于岩溶斜坡有利带，靠近基底走滑断裂，规模岩溶储层发育，同时断裂在东吴期活化沟通源岩，盖层相对稳定，为油气勘探有利区。
Abstract:Exploration in the Qijiang area of southeastern Sichuan has confirmed that basement strike-slip faults play an important role in the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. This study analyzes their controlling effect based on the interpretation of the latest 3D seismic data. The research identifies three main types of basement strike-slip faults: flower-shaped, single steep, and multiple steep parallel structures. There are mainly four planar combinations: linear, nearly parallel, goose align, and dual sliding structure. The sliding tensile strength of the basement faults and the topographic variations of the Dongwu paleogeomorphological jointly control the development of three karst types: surface karst along the unconformity, Bedding karst strongly related to the fault direction above the aquitard, and fault-related karst in the basement section; These karst features are key to the formation of high-quality carbonate reservoirs in the study area. The basement faults, which were activated and opened during the Dongwu period, connect the upper and lower source rock layers, serving as the main migration pathway for oil and gas in the Maokou Formation. The Lizi–Shilongxia area in the southwestern part of Qijiang region is located within a favorable karst slope zone. Proximity to basement strike-slip faults has facilitated the development of large-scale karst reservoirs. The reactivation of faults during the Dongwu period established connections with source rocks, while the relatively stable caprock conditions make this area a promising target for oil and gas exploration.
-
Key words:
- Qijiang area /
- strike-slip fault /
- karst /
- hydrocarbon accumulation
-
-
[1] 陈刚,戴俊生,叶兴树,等,2007. 生长指数与断层落差的对比研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报,29(3):20 − 23+16.
Chen G,Dai J S,Ye X S,et al.,2007. A comparison of the fault growth index with fault throw [J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,29(3):20 − 23+16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2] Deng S,Li H L,Zhang Z P,et al.,2019. Structural characterization of intracratonic strike-slip faults in the central Tarim Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin,103(1):109 − 137. doi: 10.1306/06071817354
[3] 段金宝,潘磊,石司宇,等,2023. 川东涪陵地区 15 号走滑断裂带几何学、运动学特征及演化过程研究[J]. 地学前缘,30(6):57 − 68.
Duan J B,Pan L,Shi S Y,et al.,2023. Geometry,kinematic characteristics and evolution of No. 15 strike-slip fault zone in Fuling area,eastern Sichuan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,30(6):57 − 68 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] 冯许魁,杨雨,朱亚东,等,2024. 四川盆地二叠纪礁滩体发育特征、分布模式及有利勘探区带[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,44(2):278−294.
Feng X K,Yang Y,Zhu Y D,et al.,2024. Development characteristics,distribution patterns and favorable exploration zones of Permian reef shoals in Sichuan Basin [J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,44(2):278 − 294 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 冯志强,李萌,郭元岭,等,2022. 中国典型大型走滑断裂及相关盆地成因研究[J]. 地学前缘,29(6):206 − 223.
Feng Z Q,Li M,Guo Y L,et al.,2022. Genetic analysis of typical strike-slip faults and related basins in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,29(6):206 − 223 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] 管树巍,梁瀚,姜华,等,2022. 四川盆地中部主干走滑断裂带及伴生构造特征与演化[J]. 地学前缘,29(6):252 − 264.
Guan S W,Liang H,Jiang H,et al.,2022. Characteristics and evolution of the main strike-slip fault belts of the central Sichuan Basin,southwestern China,and associated structures [J]. Earth Science Frontiers,29(6):252 − 264 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7] 韩俊,况安鹏,能源,等,2021. 顺北5号走滑断裂带纵向分层结构及其油气地质意义[J]. 新疆石油地质,42(2):152 − 160.
Han J,Kuang A P,Neng Y,et al.,2021. Vertical layered structure of Shunbei No. 5 strike-slip fault zone and its petroleum geological significance on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Geology of Xinjiang,42(2):152 − 160 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] 何登发,贾承造,周新源,等,2005. 多旋回叠合盆地构造控油原理[J]. 石油学报,26(3):1 − 9.
He D F,Jia C Z,Zhou X Y,et al.,2005. Control Principles of structures and tectonics over hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in multi-stage superimposed basins[J]. Journal of Petroleum,26(3):1 − 9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] 何江林,刘伟,杨平,等,2017. 四川盆地西南缘五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气形成条件与有利区优选[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,37(3):50−58.
He J L,Liu W,Yang P,et al.,2017. Genetic conditions of shale gas and delineation of the favourable areas in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,37(3):50 − 58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10] 胡东风,王良军,黄仁春,等,2019. 四川盆地东部地区中二叠统茅口组白云岩储层特征及其主控因素[J]. 天然气工业,39(6):13 – 21.
Hu D F,Wang L J,Huang R C,et al.,2019. Characteristics and main controlling factors of the Middle Permian Maokou dolomite reservoirs in the eastern Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry,39(6):13 − 21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 黄士鹏,吴小奇,陶小晚,等,2011. 蜀南纳溪−合江地区嘉陵江组天然气地球化学特征及其气源[J]. 地球化学,40(6):525 − 535.
Huang S P,Wu X Q,Tao X W,et al.,2011. Geochemical characteristics and sources of natural gas reservoired in Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Naxi-Hejiang area,Southern Sichuan Basin [J]. Geochimica,40(6):525 − 535 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 焦方正,杨雨,冉崎,等,2021. 四川盆地中部地区走滑断层的分布与天然气勘探[J]. 天然气工业,41(8):92 − 101.
Jiao F Z,Yang Y,Ran Q,et al.,2021. Distribution and gas exploration of the strike–slip faults in the central Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Industry,41(8):92 − 101 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] 康玉柱,1990. 地质力学在塔里木盆地找油工作中的应用——纪念李四光教授诞生100周年[J]. 新疆地质,8(1):1 − 11.
Kang Y Z,1990. Application of geomechanics for petroleum reconnaissance in tarim basin –to the 100 anniversary of the birth of professor Li Siguang [J]. Geology of Xinjiang,8(1):1 − 11 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14] 雷宝华,2012. 生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述[J]. 地球科学进展,27(9):947 − 956.
Lei B H,2012. Review of methods with quantitative studies of activity intensity of the growth fault[J]. Advances in Earth Science,27(9):947 − 956 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] 李海平,2020. 蜀南地区茅口组与嘉陵江组天然气成因与来源及运聚模式[D]. 北京:中国石油大学(北京).
Li H P,2020. Genetic,sources and transportation and accumulation patterns of natural gas in the Maokou and Jialingjiang Formations in southern Sichuan Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing) (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] 李智,张仲培,李双建,等,2024. 川东南綦江地区断裂体系特征及其控藏作用[J]. 天然气地球科学,35(11):1999 − 2011.
Li Z,Zhang Z P,Li S J,et al.,2024. Characteristics of fault systems and their reservoir control in the Qijiang area of southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,35(11):1999 − 2011 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] 马永生,蔡勋育,云露,等,2022. 塔里木盆地顺北超深层碳酸盐岩油气田勘探开发实践与理论技术进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发,49(1):1 − 17.
Ma Y S,Cai X Y,Yun L,et al.,2022. Practice and theoretical and technical progress in exploration and development of Shunbei ultra-deep carbonate oil and gas field,Tarim Basin,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,49(1):1 − 17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] 潘磊,徐祖新,李让彬,等,2020. 川东南涪陵地区基底断裂特征与油气成藏[J]. 特种油气藏,27(4):19 − 25.
Pan L,Xu Z X,Li R B,et al.,2020. Basement fault characterization and hydrocarbon accumulation in fuling of southeastern Sichuan [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,27(4):19 − 25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] 漆立新,2020. 塔里木盆地顺北超深断溶体油藏特征与启示[J]. 中国石油勘探,25(1):102 − 111.
Qi L X,2020. Characteristics and inspiration of ultra-deep fault-karst reservoir in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin [J]. China Petroleum Exploration,25(1):102 − 111 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20] Sun Q Q,Fan T L,Gao Z Q,et al.,2021. New insights on the geometry and kinematics of the Shunbei 5 strike-slip fault in the central Tarim Basin,China[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,150:104400. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2021.104400
[21] 王顺玉,戴鸿鸣,王海清,等,2000. 四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大型气田天然气地球化学特征与气源[J]. 天然气地球科学,11(2):10 − 17+4.
Wang S Y,Dai H M,Wang H Q,et al.,2000. Natural gas geochemistry characters and origin of large gas field in marine carbonates of the Sichuan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,11(2):10 − 17+4 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] 王新岚,梁虹,朱亚东,等,2021. 川中−川南走滑断裂展布特征及与油气成藏关系[C]//中国石油学会2021年物探技术研讨会论文集. 成都:964 − 967.
Wang X L,Liang H,Zhu Y D,et al.,2021. Distribution characteristics of strike slip faults and their relationship with oil and gas accumulation in central and southern Sichuan [C]// Proceedings of the 2021 Geophysical Exploration Technology Seminar of the Chinese Petroleum Society. Chengdu:964 − 967 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[23] 王燮培,谢德宜,1989. 中国含油气盆地中花状构造的发现及其石油地质意义[J]. 地质科技情报,8(2):59 − 66.
Wang X P,Xie D Y,1989. Finding flower structures in China’s oil and gas bearing basins and its significance in petroleum geology [J]. Geotechnical Intelligence,8(2):59 − 66 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24] 夏义平,刘万辉,徐礼贵,等,2007. 走滑断层的识别标志及其石油地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探,17(1):17 − 23.
Xia Y P,Liu W H,Xu L G,et al., 2007. Identification of strike-slip fault and its petroleum geology significance[J]. Chinese Oil Exploration,17(1):17 − 23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] 徐二社,李志明,杨振恒,2015. 彭水地区五峰—龙马溪组页岩热演化史及生烃史研究——以PY1井为例[J]. 石油实验地质,37(4):494 − 499.
Xu E S,Li Z M,Yang Z H,2015. Thermal and hydrocarbon generation history of Wufeng and Longmaxi shales in Pengshui area,eastern Sichuan Basin:A well PY1 case study [J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,37(4):494 − 499 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[26] 徐祖新,2019. 川东地区中二叠统茅口组天然气成因及气源[J]. 特种油气藏,26 (2):16 − 22.
Xu Z X,2019. Genesis and source of gas in Middle Permian Maokou Formation of eastern Sichuan Basin [J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,26 (2):16 − 22 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] 颜宇豪,陈安清,张本健,等,2024. 四川盆地奥陶纪沉积体系演化与古地理格局重建[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,44(3):600 − 612.
Yan Y H,Chen A Q,Zhang B J,et al.,2024. Evolution of the Ordovician sedimentary system and paleogeographic reconstruction in the Sichuan Basin,China [J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,44(3):600 − 612 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] 杨海军,于双,张海祖,等,2020. 塔里木盆地轮探1井下寒武统烃源岩地球化学特征及深层油气勘探意义[J]. 地球化学,49(6):666 − 682.
Yang H J,Yu S,Zhang H Z,et al.,2020. Geochemical characteristics of Lower Cambrian sources rocks from the deepest drilling of Well LT-1 and their significance to deep oil gas exploration of the Lower Paleozoic system in the Tarim Basin[J]. Geochimicam,49(6):666 − 682 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29] 殷积峰,谷志东,李秋芬,2013. 四川盆地大川中地区深层断裂发育特征及其地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质,34(3):376 − 382.
Yin J F,Gu Z D,Li Q F,2013. Characteristics of deep-rooted faults and their geological significances in Dachuanzhong area,Sichuan Basin [J]. Oil and Gas Geology,34(3):376 − 382 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30] 曾韬,凡睿,夏文谦,等,2023. 四川盆地东部走滑断裂识别与特征分析及形成演化:以涪陵地区为例[J]. 地学前缘,30(3):366 − 385.
Zeng T,Fan R,Xia W Q,et al.,2023. Formation and evolution of strike-slip fault zones in the eastern Sichuan Basin and identification and characterization of the fault zones:A case study of the Fuling area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,30(3):366 − 385 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[31] 张恺, 陆克政, 沈修志, 1989. 石油构造地质学[M]. 石油工业出版社: 32 − 35.
Zhang K,Lu Z K,Sheng X Z,1989. Oil structural geology [M ]. Petroleum Industry Press:32 − 35.
[32] 张旋,冉崎,陈康,等,2022. 川中地区安岳气田走滑断裂对灯影组储层及含气富集的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学,33(6):917 − 928.
Zhang X,Ran Q,Chen K,et al.,2022. The controlling effect of strike-slip fault on Dengying Formation reservoir and gas enrichment in Anyue Gas Field in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,33(6):917 − 928 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33] 张正涛,林畅松,李慧勇,等,2019. 渤海湾盆地沙垒田地区新近纪走滑断裂发育特征及其对油气富集的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质,40(4):778 − 788.
Zhang Z T,Lin C S,Li H Y,et al.,2019. Characteristics of the Neogene strike-slip faults and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Shaleitian uplift,Bohai Bay Basin [J] . Oil and Gas Geology,40(4):778 − 788 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[34] 赵凡,贾政造,袁剑英,等, 2012. 柴达木盆地西部走滑相关断裂特征及其控藏作用[J]. 地质论评,58(4):660 − 670.
Zhao F,Jia Z Z,Yuan J Y,et al., 2012. Study on Strike-slip fault and its control effect on Oil and Gas accumulation in western Qaidam Basin,China[J]. Geological Review,58(4):660 − 670 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[35] 赵密福,刘泽容,信荃麟,等,2000. 惠民凹陷临南地区断层活动特征及控油作用[J]. 石油勘探与开发,27(6):9 − 11.
Zhao M F,Liu Z R,Xin Q L,et al.,2000. Fault activity features and its control over oil of Linnan area in Huimin depression [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(6):9 − 11 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[36] 赵野,杨海风,黄振,等,2020. 渤海海域庙西南洼陷走滑构造特征及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J]. 油气地质与采收率,27(4):35 − 44.
Zhao Y,Yang H F,Huang Z,et al.,2020. Strike-slip structural characteristics and its controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in Miaoxinan Sag,Bohai Sea[ J ] . Oil and Gas Geology and Recovery,27(4):35 − 44 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37] 郑和荣,胡宗全,云露,等,2022. 中国海相克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂发育特征及控藏作用[J]. 地学前缘,29(6):224 − 238.
Zheng H R,Hu Z Q,Yun L,et al.,2022. Strike-slip faults in marine cratonic basins in China:Development characteristics and controls on hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,29(6):224 − 238 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38] 邹玉涛,张文睿,2021. 川东南LZ地区走滑断裂特征与油气成藏作用[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量,41(16):128 − 129.
Zhou Y T,Zhang W R,2021. Characteristics of strike-slip faults and hydrocarbon accumulation in LZ area,southeast Sichuan [J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,41(16):128 − 129 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[39] 张恺,陆克政,沈修志,1989. 石油构造地质学[M]. 石油工业出版社:32 − 35.
Zhou Y T, Zhang W R, 2021. Characteristics of strike-slip faults and hydrocarbon accumulation in LZ area, southeast Sichuan [J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 41（16）: 128 − 129.
-
下载:
图(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 55
- PDF下载数: 9
- 施引文献: 0