Rapid determination of Ferrum, Manganese, Strontium and Barium in geothermal water by ICP-OES
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Abstract:
Developing a rapid and precise method for trace element analysis in geothermal water is crucial due to its high total dissolved solids and salinity, which can impact element determination. In this study, we optimized the determination of ferrum, manganese, strontium and barium in geothermal water samples collected from different regions. A matrix matching method was established for accurate quantification using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Instrumental conditions and experimental parameters were optimized, and the influence of storage medium and storage duration on measurement accuracy were evaluated. The results demonstrated that storing geothermal water samples in 1% nitric acid had no significant impact on measurement results over an eight-week period. Calibration curve correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9998 for all target elements. The detection limits of this method ranged from 0.0002 mg/L to 0.0031 mg/L, with Relative Standard Deviations (RSD) were 0.07%–2.33%, and spike recovery rates were from 96.8% to 103.2%. The obtained data were consistent with results from the standard addition method and dilution method, demonstrating the reliability of this approach. This method offers low detection limits, high precision and excellent recovery rate, providing a robust reference for the accurate determination of ferrum, manganese, strontium and barium in geothermal water, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development and utilization of geothermal resources.
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Table 1. Operating parameters for ICP-OES determination
Parameter Value Parameter Value Power 1,400 W Auxiliary flow 0.20 L/min Sample flow 1.5 mL/min View dist 15.0 mm Nebulizer flow 0.60 L/min Plasma flow 12 L/min 
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Table 2. Hydrochemical characteristics of the seven geothermal water samples
Sample ID Sample site Hydrochemical type Total Dissolved Solids/mg·L−1 Na+ /mg·L−1 Ca2+/mg·L−1 DR1 Lanzhou, Gansu Na+—Cl− 17,379 5,173 311 DR2 Huizhou, Guangdong Na+—HCO3− 1,336 279 76.4 DR3 Heze, Shandong Na+—SO42− 5,626 773 125 DR4 Langfang, Hebei Na+—Cl− 2,823 794 232 DR5 Zhangjiakou, Hebei Ca2+—HCO3− 443 32.7 140 DR6 Lu'an, Anhui Na+—HCO3− 541 110 62.8 DR7 Dandong, Liaoning Na+—Cl− 4,725 1,387 58.9
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Table 3. Analytical results of internal control and samples
ID Analytical results /mg·L−1 Matrix matching method Standard addition method Ferrum Manganese Strontium Barium Ferrum Manganese Strontium Barium IC1 0.4995 0.4902 0.5169 0.4989 0.4983 0.5011 0.5076 0.5032 IC2 1.0101 0.9964 1.0098 1.0213 1.0028 0.9896 0.9976 1.0145 DR1 4.7688 1.2538 3.7658 0.8746 4.6944 1.2612 3.6212 0.8731 DR2 0.1345 0.2576 2.5127 0.2142 0.1296 0.2489 2.5312 0.2099 DR3 1.3795 0.3122 2.7611 0.3816 1.3628 0.3075 2.8234 0.3782 DR4 0.5134 0.2110 0.8712 0.4419 0.5096 0.2087 0.8548 0.4503 DR5 0.0985 0.1038 0.9984 0.0072 0.0964 0.9958 1.0274 0.0066 DR6 N.D. 0.0098 0.2964 0.0976 N.D. 0.0094 0.2951 0.1001 DR7 2.4982 1.2131 1.5873 0.5964 2.5214 1.1876 1.6249 0.6077
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Table 4. Comparison of analytical results of ICP-OES and ICP-MS
ID Analytical results/mg·L−1 ICP-OES ICP-MS Ferrum Manganese Strontium Barium Ferrum Manganese Strontium Barium DR1 4.7688 1.2538 3.7658 0.8746 4.9126 1.2544 3.8679 0.8633 DR2 0.1345 0.2576 2.5127 0.2142 0.1421 0.2713 2.5691 0.2228 DR3 1.3795 0.3122 2.7611 0.3816 1.4091 0.3085 2.7834 0.3992 DR4 0.5134 0.2110 0.8712 0.4419 0.5040 0.2276 0.8964 0.4622 DR5 0.0985 0.1038 0.9984 0.0072 0.0998 0.1064 1.0019 0.0078 DR6 N.D 0.0098 0.2964 0.0976 0.0011 0.0096 0.2993 0.1002 DR7 2.4982 1.2131 1.5873 0.5964 2.5096 1.2213 1.5966 0.6003
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Table 5. Detection limit and measured range of the mothod
Element Linearity Detection limit/mg·L−1 Linear range/mg·L−1 Ferrum 0.9998 0.0013 0.005–10.0 Manganese 0.9999 0.0002 0.001–10.0 Strontium 0.9998 0.0003 0.001–10.0 Barium 0.9999 0.0002 0.001–10.0
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