THE MECHANISM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL AND GAS MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION IN SHALLOW AND DEEP WATER OF ZHUJIANGKOU BASIN, NORTHEASTERN SOUTH CHINA SEA
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摘要: 珠江口盆地浅水与深水区地质背景及油气成藏地质条件存在明显差异,其油气分布及油气运聚成藏机制具有显著不同的特点。(1)油气分布具"北油南气"的富集规律。浅水区北部裂陷带和东沙隆起及以北地区,地温梯度低、大地热流小,烃源岩有机质热演化处在油窗范围,以产大量石油为主伴少量油型气,故形成了以文昌、恩平、西江、惠州及陆丰油田群和流花油田群为主的北部陆架浅水石油富集区;深水区南部裂陷带和南部隆起及以南区域,地温梯度及大地热流偏高,烃源岩多处在成熟-高熟凝析油及湿气阶段,以产大量天然气和少量轻质油及凝析油为主,且以白云凹陷东部深水区LW3-1、LH34-2及LH29-1等天然气藏及LH16-2油藏和邻近深水区的白云北坡-番禺低隆起中小气田群为主,构成了以天然气为主的富集区带,但亦具石油及水合物资源潜力的深水油气富集区。(2)浅水区油气运聚成藏机制以外源型成藏组合为主,而深水区则多属混源型成藏组合。浅水区具有上渐新统-中新统三角洲滨岸砂岩及中新统礁灰岩外源型油气运聚成藏机制及含油气系统的特点,迄今勘探发现的大中型油田群均属于此类。半地堑洼陷自源型油气成藏机制在浅水区已被勘探证实但尚未获重大突破;深水区具有上渐新统陆架边缘三角洲砂岩混源型和中新统深水扇系统混源型天然气运聚成藏机制及含油气系统的特点,且存在深水海底天然气水合物及浅层气与深部常规油气共生叠置的展布关系。Abstract: The geological conditions for oil and gas accumulation are of significant difference in shallow and deep waters in the ZhuJiangKou Basin. The difference is resulted mainly from the different mechanism of migration and accumulation of oil and gas and their distribution pattern. ①oil occurs in the north and gas in the south. In the northern part of the basin, including the rift zone, the DongSha uplift zone and the area further to the north, there are low geothermal gradient and low heat flow, and the thermal evolution of source rocks is within the oil window. A large amount of oil with a small amount of oil type gas was accumulated in the sallow water of north continental shelf, which mainly contains the Wenchang, Yun Ping, Xijiang, Huizhou, Lufeng and Liuhua oil fields. To the contrary, The geothermal gradient and heat flow are high in the deep water of the south rift zone and south uplift zone, where the thermal evolution of source rocks had dropped into a mature or over mature stage. Thus there mainly produce natural gas and a small amount of condensate oil, such as the cases in the gas reservoirs of LW3-1,LH34-2 and LH29-1 and the oil reservoir of LH16-2 in the eastern Baiyun depression as well as the group of small gas reservoirs in the Panyu uplift of Baiyun depression. There also oil and gas hydrate occur sometimes. ② The area of shallow water is dominated by the allochthonous hydrocarbon accumulated in the Oligocene and Miocene deltaic sandstone and Miocene reef limestone, whereas the hydrocarbon of mixed source dominates the area of deep water. So far, some large oil fields of these types have been discovered in the basin. The mechanism of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the half-grabens has been verified by exploration but no breakthrough has been achieved so far. In the area of deep water, The hydrocarbon of mixed sources has been verified in the Oligocene deltaic sandstone and deep-water fan systems, characterized by the coexistence of gas hydrates in seafloor and shallow gas and conventional oil and gas in the deep.
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