IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION AND COASTLINE CHANGE ON THE NEOLITHIC CULTURES IN THE EASTERN PART OF JIANG-HUAI AREA
-
摘要: 考古学发现江淮东部已有十多处新石器文化遗址,形成了有区域特征的文化序列。分别为龙虬庄文化(7 000?6 300~5 500 aBP)、大汶口文化(5 500~4 600 aBP)和龙山(岳石)文化(4 300~3 450 aBP)。在中全新世适宜期,受气候、长江、淮河三角洲的发育和海面变化的共同作用,江淮东部约7 000 aBP,陆地东扩、多道沙堤演化及古泻湖发育,形成低洼的里下河地区。适宜的水汽环境繁育了大量的水生动、植物和大型哺乳动物,为古代先民居住提供了适宜的居住地和食物资源。岳石文化末期(3 450 aBP稍后),气候温和略干,江淮东部长期处于盐沼环境,且海潮成灾,导致先民迁徙,古文化出现断歇。古环境演变对江淮东部史前文化的兴衰驱动作用明显。Abstract: More than ten neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in the eastern part of Jiang-Huai area, showing a cultural sequence consisting of the Longqiuzhuan culture(7 000?6 300~5 500 aBP),Dawenkou culture (5 500~4 600 aBP)and Longshan (YueShi)culture (4 300~3 450 aBP). During the period of Holocene optimum,due to the joint action of favorable climate, rapid development of the Yangtze and Huai river delta and sea level changes, land was expanded eastward about 7 000 aBP. Multi-channel sand bars and lagoons were developed. As the result, the lowland of LiXiaHe area was formed. The environment provided favorable conditions for the survival of aquatic animals, large mammals and plants and the settlement of human being. During the YueShi cultural stage (3 450 aBP years later), however, the climate became mild and slightly dry, and the Jianghuai area was dominated by salt marshes under frequent tidal flooding, that forced the ancient residents to move away and caused the break of cultural records. It suggests that palaeoenvironmental changes is the main factor to the rise and decline of prehistoric cultures.
-
Key words:
- the eastern part of Jiang-Huai area /
- neolithic sites /
- palaeoenvironment
-
-
[1] 陈中原,洪雪晴,李山,等. 太湖地区环境考古[J].地理学报,1997,52(2):131-137.
[CHEN Zhongyuan, HONG Xueqing, LI Shan, et al. Study of archaeology-related environment evolution of Taihu lake in southern Changjiang delt plain[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1997,52(2):131-137.]
[2] Polyad V J,Asmerom Y. Late Holocene climate and culture changes in the southwestern United States[J].Science, 2001,294:148-151.
[3] 庞奖励,黄春长.关中地区新石器文化发展与环境演变耦合关系研究[J].地理科学, 2003,23(4):448-453.
[PANG Jiangli,HUANG Chunchang,. A discussion on the relation between evironment change and the Neolithie culture of Guanzhong area,China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003,23(4):448-453.]
[4] Haug G H,Gunther D, Peterson L C D, et al. Climate and the collapse of Mayan civilization[J].Science, 2003,299:1731-1735.
[5] 安成邦,王琳,吉笃学,等. 甘青文化区新石器文化的时空分布和可能的环境动力[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):923-927.
[AN Chengbang,WANG Lin,JI Duxue,et al. The temporal and spatial changes of neolifhic cultures in Gansu-Qinghai region and possible environmental forcing[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2006,26(6):923-927.]
[6] 吴文祥,胡莹,周扬. 气候突变和古文明衰变[J],古地理学报,2009,11(4):455-463.
[WU Wenxiang,HU Ying,ZHOU Yang. Abrupt climate change and decline of ancient civilization[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(4):455-463.]
[7] 吴立,王心源,周昆叔,等. 巢湖流域新石器至汉代古聚落变更与环境变迁[J].地理学报, 2009,64(1):59-68.
[WU Li,WANG Xinyuan,ZHOU Kunshu, et al. The transmutation of ancient settlements and environment changes from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty in the Chaohu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(1):59-68.]
[8] 邓辉,陈义勇,贾敬禹,等. 8500 aBP以来长江中游平原地区古文化遗址分布的演变[J].地理学报,2009,64(9):1113-1125.
[DUN Hui,CHEN Yiyong,JIA Jingyu,et al.Distribution patterns of the ancient cultural sites in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River since 8500 aBP[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009,64(9):1113-1125.]
[9] 崔英杰.江淮东部地区史前文化研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007.[The Research on Civilization in the Prehistoric Eastern Jiang-Huai Region[D].Shandong University Master's Thesis,2007.]
[10] 杨怀仁,谢志仁. 中国东部近20000年来的气候波动与海面升降运动[J].海洋与湖沼,1984,15(1):1-13.
[YANG Huairen, XIE Zhiren. Climate and sea-level change since 20000 aBP in eastern China[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1984,15(1):1-13.]
[11] 顾家裕,严钦尚,虞志英. 苏北中部滨海平原贝壳砂堤[C]//严钦尚,许世远.长江三角洲现代沉积研究.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1987:49-58.[GU Jiayu, YAN Qinshang, YU Zhiying. The cheniers of the northern coastal plain of Jiangsu Province[C]//YAN Qinshang, XU Shiyuan eds. Recent Yangtze Delta Deposits. Shanghai:East China Normal University Press, 1987:49
-58.]
[12] 赵希涛,鲁刚毅,王绍鸿,等. 江苏建湖庆丰剖面全新世地层及环境变迁与海面变化的初步研究[J].科学通报,1990(4):285-288.[ZHAN Xitao, LU Gangyi, WANG Shanhong, et al. The Holocene stratigraphy, environments and sea level changes of Qingfeng section, Jianhu, Jiangsu[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1990
(4):285-288.]
[13] 赵希涛,唐领余,沈才明,等. 江苏建湖庆丰剖面全新世气候变迁和海面变化[J].海洋学报,1994,16(1):78-88.
[ZHAO Xitao, TANG Lingyu, SHEN Caiming, et al. Holocene climate evolution and sea level change based on Qingfeng section, Jianhu, Jiangsu[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1994,16(1):78-88.]
[14] Chen Z, Stanley D J. Sea-level rise on eastern China's Yangtze Delta[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1998,14(1):360-366.
[15] Zhu Cheng, Zheng Chaogui, Ma Chunmei, et al. New idea on the high sea level since 10 kaBP in the Changjiang Delta and Ningshao plains,Chinese[J].Science Bulletin, 2003,48(23):2428-2438.
[16] 冯金顺,孙磊,葛云,等. 江苏省里下河(兴化-泰州)地区浅表沉积物特征及古地理环境演变[J].江苏地质,2007,31(2):101-107.
[FENG Jinshun,SUN Lei,GE Yun, et al. On shallow sediment properties and paleogeographic evolvement in Xinghua-Taizhou, Jiangsu[J]. Jiangsu Geology,2007, 31(2):101-107.]
[17] 吴必虎. 历史时期苏北平原地理系统研究[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社, 1996.[WU Bihu. Study on Historical Geographic System in Subei Plain[M]. Shanghai:East China Normal University Press, 1996.]
[18] 单树模,王维屏,王庭槐. 江苏地理[M].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1986:75-76.[SHAN Shumo, WANG Weiping,WANG Tingkui.Jiangsu Geography[M]. Jiangsu People Press, 1986:75
-76.]
[19] 尹焕章,赵青芳. 淮阴地区考古调查[J].考古,1963(1):1-8.[YIN Huanzhang, ZHAN Qingfang. Archaeological investigation in Huaiyin county[J]. Archaeology, 1963
(1):1-8.]
[20] 龙虬庄遗址考古队.龙虬庄一江淮东部新石器时代遗址发掘报告[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:519-520.[The Archaeological Team of Longqiuzhuan.Neolithic Site Excavation Report in the Eastern Part of Jiang-Huai area[M]. Science Press, 1999:519
-520.]
[21] 南京博物院. 江苏海安青墩遗址[J].考古学报,1983(2):147-190.[Nanjing Museum.A Neolithic site at Qingdun, in Hai'an county, Jiangsu Province[J].The Chinese Journal of Archaeology, 1983
(2):147-190.]
[22] 黄赐璇,梁玉莲. 江苏青墩古人生活时期的地理环境[J].地理科学,1984,39(1):98-103.
[HUANG Cixuan, IANG Yuliang. Geographical environment of pier ancient life in Haian county[J]. Jiangsu Province, 1984,39(1):98-103.]
[23] 萧家仪,张敏.江苏阜宁陆庄遗址孢粉分析与古环境[C]//东方文明之光——良渚文化发现60周年纪念文集.图书出版社,1996:147-150.[XIAO Jiayi, ZHANG Ming. Pollen analysis and paleoenvironment for Luzhuang archaeological site at Funing, Jiangsu province[C]//Light of Eastern Civilization——60 Anniversary Festschrift for finding Liangzhu Culture.Book Publishing, 1996
:147-150.]
[24] 萧家仪.江苏兴化南荡遗址孢粉分析报告[J].文物,1995(4):92-94.[XIAO Jiayi. Pollen analysis report for Nandang archaeological site at Xinghua, Jiangsu province[J].Cultural Relic, 1995
(4):92-94.]
[25] 南京博物院考古研究所,扬州博物馆,高邮文管会. 江苏高邮周堆墩遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1997,4:481-529.[Nanjing Museum Archaeological institute, Yangzhou museum, GaoYou WenGuan will. Excavation pile pier site weekly report in GaoYou, Jiangsu Provinc[J]. The Chinese Journal of Archaeolog,1997
,4:481-529.]
[26] 施雅风,孔昭宸,王苏民,等. 中国全新世大暖期气候与环境的基本特征[C]//中国全新世大暖期气候与环境.北京:海洋出版社,1992:1-18.[SHI Yafeng,KONH Shaochen,WANG Suming,et al. Holocene warming period the basic characteristics of climate and environment in China[C]//China Holocene warming period climate and environment. Beijing:Ocean Press,1992:1
-18.]
[27] 徐海.中国全新世气候变化研究进展[J].地质地球化学, 2001, 29(2):9-16.
[XU Hai.Advance in research on the Holocene climate fluctuations[J]. Geology-Geochemistry, 2001,29(2):9-16.]
[28] 凌申. 全新世以来苏北平原古地理环境演变[J].黄渤海海洋,1990,8(4):23-25.
[LING Shen. South migration of Huanghe and the change of shoreline in Subei[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas,1990, 8(4):23-25.]
[29] 凌申. 全新世苏北沿海岸线冲淤动态研究[J].黄渤海海洋,2002,20(2):37-46.
[LING Shen. Coastal erosion and deposition dynamic research in Subei since Holocene[J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 2002,20(2):37-46.]
[30] 凌申. 全新世以来江苏中部地区海岸的淤进[J].台湾海峡,2006,25(3):445-451.
[LING Shen. Deposition and forward movement of the coastline in the middle part of Jiangsu since Holocene[J]. Taiwan Strait, 2006,25(3):445-451.]
[31] 唐领余,沈才明,赵希涛,等. 江苏建湖庆丰剖面1万年来的植被与气候[J].中国科学B辑,1993,23(6):637-643.
[TANG Lingyu, SHEN Caiming, ZHAO Xitao, et al. Vegetation and climate since 10000 aBP in the Qingfeng section, Jianhu, Jiangsu[J]. Science in China (B), 1993, 23(6):637-643.]
[32] 王张华,陈杰. 全新世海侵对长江口沿海平原新石器遗址分布的影响[J].第四纪研究, 2004,24(5):537-545.
[WANG Zhanghua,CHEN Jie. Distribution of the Neolithic sites in the ChangJiang coastal plains:Holocene transgression impact[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2004,24(5):537-545.]
[33] 李民昌,张敏,汤凌华.高邮龙虬庄遗址史前人类生存环境与经济生活[J].考古学,1997(2):31-40.[LI Mingchang, ZHANG Ming,TANG Linghua. Prehistoric sites to human survival environment and economic life in Longqiu zhuang, Gaoyou[J]. Archaeologists, 1997
(2):31-40.]
[34] 王富葆. 海洲湾西岸埋葬贝壳堤与晚更新世以来的海面变化[C]//中国第四纪研究委员会,中国海洋学会编.中国第四纪海岸线学术讨论会论文集.北京:海洋出版社, 1985:146-150.[WANG Fubao. The buried shell beach ridges and the sea level changing from Late Pleistocene in the west coast of the Haizhou Bay[C]//Chinese Association for Quaternary Research, Chinese Society of Oceanography eds. Proceedings of Quaternary Coastline Symposium, China. Beijing:ChinaOcean Press, 1985:146
-150.]
[35] Stanley D J, Chen Z. Neolithic settlement distributions as a function of sea level-controlled topography in the Yangtze Delta, China.[J]. Geology, 1996(12):1083-1086.
[36] 严钦尚,洪雪晴. 长江三角洲南部平原全新世海侵问题[C]//严钦尚,许世远.长江三角洲现代沉积研究.上海:华东师范大学出版社, 1987:92-102.[YAN Qin-shang, HONG Xue-qing. Holocene transgression on the southern deltaic plain of the Yangtze River Delta[C]//YAN Qinshang, XU Shiyuan,eds.Recent Yangtze Delta Deposits. Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,1987:92
-102.]
[37] 朱诚,史威,宋友桂. 长江三角洲地区七千年以来古洪水灾害的环境考古研究[C]//崔鹏.海峡两岸山地灾害与环境保育研究(第一卷)成都:四川科技出版社, 1998:85-90.[ZHU Cheng,SHI Wei,SONG Yougui. The environment of the archaeological research of ancient flood disaster in the Yangtze river delta region since 7000 aBP[C]//CUI Peng. Cross-strait Mountain Hazards and Environmental Conservation Research(first volume)Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1998
:85-90.]
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 1493
- PDF下载数: 2
- 施引文献: 0
下载: