摘要:
冶炼渣是冶炼企业生产中产生的废渣,这些废渣如果不进行妥善处理不但严重污染环境,而且造成资源浪费,综合利用冶炼渣是冶炼企业可持续发展的必要途径[1].朝鲜某冶炼渣是冶炼企业产生的废渣,多元素分析结果表明该冶炼渣中含银370 g/t,银含量较高,具有综合回收价值.铅、锌含量较但氧化程度较高,通常可采用烟化法回收,但存在有价金属回收率低、工作环境差、运行费用高、能耗高且需消耗大量冶金焦等缺点,故不作回收.该冶炼渣中银的嵌布粒度细,泥化严重,采用氰化法回收.研究考察了浸出细度、保护碱种类及用量、氰化物浓度、浸出矿浆浓度等因素对银浸出率的影响.结果表明该冶炼渣的最佳浸出条件为:浸出细度为-2 mm,保护碱采用石灰,用量为30 kg/t,此时pH=11,氰化物浓度为0.10%,浸出矿浆浓度为30%,在此条件下银的浸出率最高可达84.05%,实现了该冶炼渣中银的有效回收,为该企业创造了一定的经济效益和社会效益.
Abstract:
Smelting slag is the waste production of smelting enterprises,which will not only seriously pollute environment but also waste resources.Comprehensive utilization of metallurgical slag smelting is the necessary way of sustainable development.A smelting slag from North Korea is a lead and zinc smelting that was produced by smelting enterprises.Results multielement analysis showed that the smelting slag contains 370 g/t silver and has the comprehensive recovery value.The composition of lead and zinc is comparatively high but the oxidation degree is also high.Generally,the fuming method can be used to recycle them,but low recovery of valuable metals,poor working conditions,high operation cost,high energy consumption and the need to consume a large amount of metallurgical coke and other shortcomings block their recovery.Silver was recovered by cyanidation because the silver finely disseminated in the slag and the slag badly clayed.Factors influence the leaching rate were researched,such as leaching fineness,type and dosage of protecting alkali,concentration of cyanide and pulp density.Results showed that the optimum leaching conditions were as follows:leaching fineness was-2 mm,using lime as protecting alkali and the dosage was 30 kg/t,the pH value was 11,cyanide concentration was 0.10% and leaching pulp density was 30%.Under the optimum conditions the leaching rate of silver reached to 84.05%,which met the demand of the effective recovery of silver from the slag and create economic and social benefits for this company.
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