Abstract: Two kinds of polystyrene nanoparticles (latex)synthesized by emulsion polymerization was used as flotation collectors for different rank coal flotation,and was compared with kerosene collecting performance in paper.Experimental results indicate that the synthesized polystyrene nanoparticle has better flotation performance for different floatability coals than that of conventional flotation collector.Cationic polystyrene nanoparticles(latex) performs better than that of anionic nanoparticles,which is better than kerosene.The contact angle measurement and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement was done on the before and after the action of the kerosene and the latex of coal sample.The mechanism of nanoparticle as flotation collector is also discussed in paper.The test result has declared for a new trend of coal flotation collector development.