含锌冶炼渣综合利用现状及发展趋势

顾丝雨; 刘维; 韩俊伟; 覃文庆

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2022.05.001

含锌冶炼渣综合利用现状及发展趋势

中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51804342)；湖南省自然科学基金(2019JJ50805)；国家重点研发项目 (2019YFC1907301)；中南大学创新驱动项目(2020CX038)；中南大学科研启动基金(218041)

详细信息

作者简介: 顾丝雨（1996-），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为二次资源综合回收与利用

通讯作者: 韩俊伟（1987-），男，副教授，博士

中图分类号: TD952; X751

收稿日期: 2020-10-09

刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Current Situation and Development Trend of Comprehensive Utilization of Zinc Smelting Slag

School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Han Junwei, hanjunwei2008@163.com

Received Date: 09 October 2020

Publish Date: 25 October 2022

摘要

摘要:
为了顺应国家发展需求，对锌资源的不断开发使高品位矿石日益枯竭，并产生了大量的含锌冶炼渣，且由于锌的生产方式多样，含锌冶炼渣成分及性质各不相同，后续的处理难度也显著提升。含锌冶炼渣的大量堆存不仅会对周围环境造成严重危害，还会导致有价金属资源浪费。本文总结了含锌冶炼渣的危害及现行的利用方式，并着重介绍了回收含锌冶炼渣中有价金属的主要处理工艺的原理、优缺点及研究现状。最后指出了含锌冶炼渣资源化处理技术可加强的研究方向。
- 含锌冶炼渣 /
- 资源化 /
- 综合利用
Abstract:
In order to meet the needs of the national development, the continuous development of zinc resources has increasingly depleted high-grade ore and produced a large amount of zinc smelting slag. Due to the diverse production methods of zinc, the composition and properties of zinc smelting slag are different. The processing difficulty is also significantly increased. Storage of zinc smelting slag will not only cause serious harm to the surrounding environment, but also cause waste of valuable metal resources. This article summarizes the harm of zinc smelting slag and the current utilization methods, and focuses on the principle advantages and disadvantages and research status of the main treatment processes for recovering valuable metals from zinc smelting slag. Finally, it points out the research direction that can be strengthened in the resource treatment technology of zinc smelting slag.
- Zinc smelting slag /
- Resource utilization /
- Comprehensive utilization

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图 1 2015~2019年我国锌产量及锌精矿产量

Figure 1.

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表 1 几种锌冶炼技术及应用^[3-9]

Table 1. Several zinc smelting technologies and applications

冶炼分类	冶炼工艺	技术介绍
湿法炼锌	常规浸出法	浮选硫化锌精矿抛入沸腾焙烧炉焙烧后得焙砂，送至中性浸出，浸出后的上清液采用三段锌粉置换法获得硫酸锌溶液，再熔炼出锌锭或合金锌。由于环境保护，节能减排等方面有明显缺陷，2000年以来新冶炼厂很少采用。
	热酸浸出法	增添了高酸、高温浸出工艺，有利于浸出过程不溶解的有价金属富集，方便后续回收处理。
	氧压直接浸出法（OPL）	选用高压釜，在高温高压和富氧条件下浸出，取消了硫化锌精矿常压浸出、焙烧和制酸过程，能使难以溶解的硫化锌溶解，并以元素硫的方式代替了二氧化硫的生成，削减了对周围环境的危害。
	常压富氧浸出法（APOL）	以氧压浸出为工艺基础，采用高温常压，在立式玻璃钢反应器内用废电解液连续浸出硫化锌精矿。
火法炼锌	电炉炼锌	可分为电阻电热竖炉和电弧电阻矿热炉，该工艺以电能为能源，并转化成热能冶炼氧化锌物料，锌挥发后冷凝可得到粗锌产品。
	密封鼓风炉炼锌（ISP）	对原料适应性强，能很好处理铅锌难以分选的精矿，但污染较为严重，逐渐被弃用。
	竖罐炼锌	主要包括团矿制备、还原蒸馏及锌蒸汽冷凝三部分，该工艺能耗高，且伴生金属回收效果差。

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