低碱度生态型人工鱼礁材料的实验研究

苏岳威; 赵景刚; 张佳康; 孙绍康; 王俊祥; 吕宪俊

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.01.029

低碱度生态型人工鱼礁材料的实验研究

1.
山东科技大学化学与生物工程学院，山东　青岛　266590

2.
山东河西黄金集团有限公司，山东　招远　265400

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51674161）；山东省自然科学基金（ZR2019BEE075）

详细信息

作者简介: 苏岳威（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事资源综合利用方向研究

通讯作者: 吕宪俊（1965-），男，教授，博士生导师

中图分类号: TD985; X75

收稿日期: 2021-09-10

刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Experimental Study on Low Alkalinity Ecotype Artificial Reef Materials

1.
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China

2.
Shandong Hexi Gold Group Co., Ltd., Zhaoyuan, Shandong, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Lv Xianjun, lu_xianjun@163.com

Received Date: 10 September 2021

Publish Date: 25 February 2023

摘要

摘要:
利用矿渣-CaO-脱硫石膏为胶凝材料、海砂为骨料，制备出了较高强度的新型人工鱼礁。借助力学性能测试、X射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电镜考查了脱硫石膏对新型人工鱼礁材料的抗压强度和水化产物的影响。结果表明：适量脱硫石膏的掺加能够显著提高CaO激发矿渣胶凝材料的胶结强度，促进钙矾石(AFt)在水化过程的优先生成，较佳石膏掺量条件下3 d强度可提高51.4%，7 d强度提高35.7%，28 d强度提高25.2%；重金属离子溶出检测结果表明，浸泡试样的海水水质符合国家一类海水水质标准；表面浸出液pH值检测显示，人工鱼礁材料试块海水浸泡初期，表层有少量OH^-溶出，使浸泡液 pH 值由新鲜海水的8.0升至8.5，但60 d后恢复到正常值；此外，海域实地挂板实验表明，制作出的鱼礁海水相容性良好，有大量水生生物附着。低碱度生态型人工鱼礁能够满足鱼礁的基本性能要求，具有广阔的应用前景，为矿渣及海砂的资源化综合利用提供了一条新的途径。
- 矿渣 /
- 海砂 /
- 人工鱼礁 /
- 海水相容性
Abstract:
A new type of artificial reef with high strength was prepared by using slag-CaO-FGD gypsum as cementitious material and sea sand as aggregate. The effects of FGD gypsum on the compressive strength and hydration products of the new artificial reef materials were investigated by means of mechanical properties test, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and SEM. The results show that the addition of appropriate amount of desulfurized gypsum can significantly improve the cementitious strength of CaO activated slag cementitious materials, and promote the preferential formation of ettringite (AFt) in the hydration process. Under the optimal gypsum content, the 3 d strength can be increased by 51.4%, the 7 d strength by 35.7%, and the 28 d strength by 25.2%. The dissolution test results of heavy metal ions show that the seawater quality of the immersed samples conforms to the national first class sea water quality standard; pH detection of surface leaching solution showed that a small amount of OH^- dissolved in the surface of the artificial reef material test block at the initial stage of seawater immersion, so that the pH value of immersion solution increased from 8.0 of fresh seawater to 8.5, but returned to the normal value after 60 days; in addition, the real sea area hanging board experiment showed that the reef had good marine compatibility and a large number of aquatic organisms attached. Low-alkalinity ecological artificial fish reefs can meet the basic performance requirements of fish reefs, have broad application prospects, and provide a new way for the comprehensive utilization of slag and sea sand.
- Slag /
- Sea sand /
- Artificial reef /
- Marine compatibility

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图 1 日照矿渣的XRD

Figure 1.

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图 2 脱硫石膏的XRD

Figure 2.

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图 3 不同石膏掺量条件下鱼礁试样抗压强度的影响

Figure 3.

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图 4 不同水化龄期的XRD

Figure 4.

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图 5 28 d水化龄期的TG-DTG分析

Figure 5.

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图 6 28 d水化龄期的SEM分析

Figure 6.

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图 7 浸泡试块海水pH值变化规律

Figure 7.

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图 8 投入后90 d时试块生物附着效果

Figure 8.

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表 1 日照矿渣化学成分/%

Table 1. Chemical compositions of Rizhao slag

MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	CaO	TiO₂	SO₃	Na₂O	MnO
10.45	15.38	33.17	37.58	1.85	1.08	0.34	0.48

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表 2 海砂粒度组成

Table 2. Grain size composition of sea sand

粒径/ mm	4.56	4.56~2.36	2.6~1.18	1.18~0.6	0.6~0.3	0.3~0.15
含量/%	0	4.12	10.01	58.04	24.04	3.01

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表 3 海水中主要离子浓度/(mg·L^-1)

Table 3. Concentration of main ions in seawater (mg·L^-1)

离子	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	CO₄^2-
含量	11260.5	359.1	375.8	1162.5	17699.3	2127.3	105.2

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表 4 胶凝材料配比

Table 4. Ratio of cementing material

编号	配比/%			水灰比
编号	矿渣	CaO	脱硫石膏	水灰比
AR1	80	20	0	0.5
AR2	80	15	5	0.5
AR3	80	12.5	7.5	0.5
AR4	80	10	10	0.5
AR5	80	7.5	12.5	0.5
AR6	80	5	15	0.5

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表 5 浸出液中重金属离子测试数据

Table 5. Test data of heavy metal ions in the leachate

样品	各重金属离子浓度/(mg·L^-1)
样品	Hg	Cr	Pb	Cd	Cu	As
国标	≤0.0005	≤0.1000	≤0.0050	≤0.0050	≤0.0100	≤0.0300
AR4	-	0.0030	0.0005	-	0.0040	-
注：-表示没有

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表 6 AR4试块附着生物名录

Table 6. List of attached organisms on AR4 test block

中文名称	拉丁名称	类别	数量
孔石莼	Ulvapertusa	藻类-绿藻	6
环节藻	Champiaparvula	藻类-红藻	4
日本多管藻	Polysiphoniajaponicus	藻类-红藻	2
海葵	Anthopleurasp	刺胞动物	3
裂虫科一种	Syllidae	多毛类	1
褶牡蛎	Grassostreacf.Plicatula	软体动物	6
纹藤壶	B.amphitriteamphitrite	甲壳类	1
扇贝	Placopectamagellanicus	软体动物	3
太平洋牡蛎	Grassostreagigas	软体动物	1
紫贻贝	M.provincialis	软体动物	2
麦秆虫	Caprellasp	甲壳类	1
青岛板钩虾	S.qingdaoensis	甲壳类	2
长尾亮钩虾	Photislongicaudata	甲壳类	3

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