铜冶炼渣中主要组分的力学性能对磨矿效果的影响

王成文; 孙磊; 孙伟; 曹学锋; 高志勇; 吴江求

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.03.025

铜冶炼渣中主要组分的力学性能对磨矿效果的影响

中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51904338)；湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ5746)；国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909202；2019YFE012999)

详细信息

作者简介: 王成文（1994-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为含铜矿产资源选别工艺与药剂

通讯作者: 孙磊（1984-），男，副教授，博士，主要从事复杂矿产资源高效利用基础理论与应用研究

中图分类号: TD913

收稿日期: 2020-11-03

刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Influence of Minerals Mechanical Properties on Grinding of Copper Smelting Slags Main Components

School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Sun Lei, sunlei@csu.edu.cn

Received Date: 03 November 2020

Publish Date: 25 June 2023

摘要

摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。铜冶炼渣是重要的含铜二次资源，粉碎是实现铜渣中含铜矿物分离富集的基础和前提。在工艺矿物学分析的基础上，测定了铜渣中主要含铜矿物自然铜和辉铜矿，及主要杂质矿物玻璃质的单轴抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗冲击强度、延展性等力学性能；研究了矿物力学性能与磨矿结果的关系。结果表明：铜渣中主要含铜矿物自然铜和辉铜矿单轴抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗冲击强度均低于玻璃质，因此比玻璃质更易发生粉碎。自然铜具有较好的延展性，能够以粗粒级薄片状的形式与其他矿物分离。而辉铜矿延展性较差，则更易进入细粒级物料。铜渣的磨矿实验结果与矿物力学性能分析结果一致，表明通过矿物材料力学研究矿物粉碎是有效和可行的。
- 铜冶炼渣 /
- 工艺矿物学 /
- 力学性能 /
- 磨矿 /
- 矿物加工工程
Abstract:
This is a paper in the field of mineral processing engineering. Copper smelting slag is a kind of important secondary resource of copper. Crushing is the basis and prerequisite for the separation and enrichment of copper minerals in copper smelting slag. Based on the analysis of process mineralogy, the mechanical properties of the main copper minerals, natural copper and chalcocite, and the main gangue mineral glass in copper smelting slag were determined, including uniaxial compressive strength, bending strength, impact strength, and ductility. The relationship between mechanical properties of minerals and grinding were studied. The results showed that the main copper minerals, natural copper and chalcocite, in copper smelting slag were with lower uniaxial compressive strength, bending strength, and impact strength than glass, so they were both more likely to be crushed than glass.Natural copper had better ductility to be ground in the form of coarse-grained flakes and could be separated from other minerals. Poor ductility of chalcocite made it easier to be ground into fine-grained products.The grinding results of copper smelting slag were consistent with the analysis of mineral mechanical properties, which indicated that it was effective and feasible to analyze and study the mineral crushing by mineral mechanical properties.
- Copper smelting slag /
- Process mineralogy /
- Mechanical properties /
- Grinding /
- Mineral processing engineering

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图 1 三种样品的XRD（a：玻璃质；b：自然铜；c：辉铜矿）

Figure 1.

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图 2 铜冶炼渣粉碎后的粒级分布

Figure 2.

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图 3 含铜矿物的解离特征

Figure 3.

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图 4 三种矿物的单轴抗压强度

Figure 4.

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图 5 三种矿物的抗弯强度

Figure 5.

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图 6 三种矿物的抗冲击强度

Figure 6.

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图 7 三种矿物的延展性

Figure 7.

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图 8 磨矿细度与+840 μm粒级中Cu品位及回收率的关系

Figure 8.

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图 9 磨矿细度与-74 μm粒级中Cu品位及回收率的关系

Figure 9.

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表 1 铜冶炼渣的矿物组成

Table 1. Mineral compositions of coppersmelting slag

矿物组分	含量/%	矿物组分	含量/%	矿物组分	含量/%
磁铁矿	30.31	重晶石	0.67	砷铜矿	0.07
铅玻璃	26.40	铁白云石	0.55	氟钛铈矿	0.07
铁橄榄石	12.73	方解石	0.48	锆石	0.07
自然铜	8.02	铬铁矿	0.28	黄铜矿	0.06
玻璃质	7.82	金属铁	0.16	闪锌矿	0.04
辉铜矿	4.74	黄铜矿	0.14	钛铁矿	0.02
石英	2.30	方铅矿	0.14	金红石	0.02
赤铜铁矿	1.43	砷铅矿	0.14	白钨矿	0.02
白云石	1.11	磷灰石	0.13	铁尖晶石	0.02
铜砷氧化物	1.02	萤石	0.11	其他	0.04
硫酸铜	0.81	镁铬铁矿	0.08	总量	100.00

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表 2 铜冶炼渣中铜的物相及含量

Table 2. Copper phase analysis of the coppersmelting slag

物相	自然铜	辉铜矿	铅玻璃	赤铜铁矿	铜砷氧化矿
含量/%	57.69	21.60	10.75	3.62	2.35

物相	硫酸铜	磁铁矿	玻璃质	其他	总量
含量/%	2.11	1.18	0.17	0.53	100.00

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表 3 铜冶炼渣的磨矿细度

Table 3. Grinding fineness of copper smelting slag

磨矿时间/min	粒级/μm	质量分数/%	Cu品位/%	Cu分布率/%
1	+840	27.32	14.33	30.11
	-840+150	31.26	13.83	33.25
	-150+74	9.15	13.58	9.56
	-74	32.27	10.91	27.08
3	+840	17.17	20.82	27.15
	-840+150	21.85	13.43	22.29
	-150+74	16.97	11.30	14.56
	-74	44.01	10.77	36.00
5	+840	10.05	31.44	24.25
	-840+150	9.24	13.94	9.88
	-150+74	21.84	11.27	18.89
	-74	58.87	10.40	46.98
8	+840	8.54	32.03	20.92
	-840+150	8.89	14.75	10.03
	-150+74	16.73	12.02	15.38
	-74	65.84	10.66	53.67
10	+840	6.99	32.12	17.19
	-840+150	4.94	14.02	5.30
	-150+74	13.9	11.15	11.87
	-74	74.17	11.56	65.64

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