Research Status of the Properties and Application in Building Materials of Typical Lithium Slag
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摘要:
这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。锂渣是锂辉石和锂云母提锂及其化合物过程中产生的废渣，其SiO2和Al2O3含量达70%。因残留的化学物质，锂渣堆放和填埋威胁着周边环境，也造成铝硅酸盐矿物资源的浪费。锂渣经过高温焙烧、机械磨碎和化学浸出，具有高比表面能和一定火山灰活性，可以用作建筑材料。本文综述了近年来国内外针对锂渣应用于建筑材料的最新研究成果，重点包括以下几个方面：（1）代替部分水泥做混凝土掺料，对混凝土的力学性能、抗碳化性能、耐磨性、抗氯离子渗透和抗裂性能的影响；（2）锂渣代替粘土生产水泥，对水泥熟料龄期抗折和抗压强度的影响；（3）制备建筑陶粒及力学性能和结构的影响；（4）锂渣配方对陶瓷工艺性能和质量的影响。最后对锂渣在建筑材料的应用研究进行了归纳总结并对研究前景进行了展望，以期能够为开发锂渣在建筑材料掺入量高、经济效益好的应用途径提供借鉴与参考。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of ceramics and composites. Lithium slag is the solid waste produced in the process of extracting lithium and its compounds from spodumene and lepidolite, in which the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 is as high as 70%. The stacking and landfilling of lithium slag threaten the surrounding environment due to the residual chemicals, and result in the waste of aluminosilicate mineral resources as well. Lithium slag has high specific surface energy and some pozzolanic activity, as enduring high temperature roasting, mechanical grinding and chemical leaching, which make it possible to be used as construction materials. This paper summarizes the latest research results on the application of lithium slag as building materials at home and abroad, focuses on the following aspects: (1) Substituting part of cement as concrete admixture, and the affects on the mechanical properties, carbonization resistance, abrasion resistance, chloride ion penetration and crack resistance of concrete; (2) Substituting clay to produce cement, and its influence on the flexural and compressive strength of cement clinker age; (3) Preparation of architectural ceramics and its impact on mechanical properties and structure; (4) The influence of lithium slag formula on ceramic quality and process performance. Finally, the application research of lithium slag in building materials is summarized and prospected, for the purpose of providing references for the development of lithium slag in building materials with high dosage and good economic benefits.
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表 1 锂渣的物理性质
Table 1. Particle size distribution of lepidolite lithium slag
名称 74 µm筛
余/%比表面积/（m2/kg） 密度/（kg/m3） 烧失量/% 锂云母锂渣 8.6 510 2.3 7.65 锂辉石锂渣 4.0 447 2.48 5.35 
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表 2 锂渣粒度分布/%
Table 2. Particle size distribution of lepidolite lithium slag
粒径 /μm +100 -100+74 -74+45 -45+10 -10 锂云母锂渣/% 1.35 7.66 13.85 13.62 63.52 锂辉石锂渣/% 0.84 3.82 15.36 11.78 68.20
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表 3 锂渣的化学成分/%
Table 3. Chemical analysis results of lepidolite lithium slag
名称 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Na2O K2O TiO2 Loss 锂云母锂渣 57.73 21.6 0.68 2.03 0.12 0.03 10.68 3.25 3.46 0.42 锂辉石锂渣 54.86 20.83 0.28 5.98 0.25 8.56 4.58 1.24 2.65 0.77
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