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刘治成, 郑梦天, 郭宇衡, 段威, 周勇, 刘博, 唐文春. 川南攀西地区茅坪石墨矿地球化学特征及成矿时代[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2024, 45(1): 73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.01.009
引用本文: 刘治成, 郑梦天, 郭宇衡, 段威, 周勇, 刘博, 唐文春. 川南攀西地区茅坪石墨矿地球化学特征及成矿时代[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2024, 45(1): 73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.01.009
shu
LIU Zhicheng, ZHENG Mengtian, GUO Yuheng, DUAN Wei, ZHOU Yong, LIU Bo, TANG Wenchun. Geochemical Characteristics and MetallogenicAge of the Maoping Graphite Deposit in the Panxi Area, Southern Sichuan[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2024, 45(1): 73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.01.009
Citation: LIU Zhicheng, ZHENG Mengtian, GUO Yuheng, DUAN Wei, ZHOU Yong, LIU Bo, TANG Wenchun. Geochemical Characteristics and MetallogenicAge of the Maoping Graphite Deposit in the Panxi Area, Southern Sichuan[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2024, 45(1): 73-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.01.009
shu

川南攀西地区茅坪石墨矿地球化学特征及成矿时代

  • 1.

    四川省国土科学技术研究院，四川　成都　610045

  • 2.

    四川省地质矿产勘查开发局化探队，四川　德阳　618000

  • 3.

    四川省冶金地质勘查局六〇五大队，四川　眉山　620800

  • 基金项目: 四川省基础科研项目（2020JDKY0015）；四川省自然资源科研项目（KJ-2021-10）；四川省政府性投资矿产勘查项目（D202103）联合资助
详细信息
    作者简介: 刘治成（1983-），男，博士后，研究员，主要从事矿产资源勘查研究工作
    通讯作者: 郑梦天（1991-），男，博士，研究方向为矿床学。

  • 中图分类号: P619.25+2

Geochemical Characteristics and MetallogenicAge of the Maoping Graphite Deposit in the Panxi Area, Southern Sichuan

  • 1.

    Sichuan Insitute of Land Science and Technology, Chengdu 610045, Sichuan, China

  • 2.

    Geochemistry Exploration Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Exploration and Development of Geology and Minerals Resources, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China

  • 3.

    NO.605 Geological Party, Sichuan Bureau of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration, Meishan 620800, Sichuan, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。茅坪石墨矿是近年新发现的超大型晶质石墨矿床，位于上扬子古陆西缘的康滇断隆带中北段，成矿物质来源及其成矿时代研究较为薄弱。矿体赋存于中元古界天宝山组浅变质岩中，本文主要开展了矿石主量、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征研究。结果表明含矿岩层原岩为副变质岩，一套含碳质石英粉砂岩，沉积于缺氧环境。微量元素特征指示矿体原岩由近海陆源碎屑物沉积形成，矿石稀土含量（ΣREE）平均为158 g/t，δ Ce值平均为0.63，呈弱负异常，δ Eu值平均为0.69，呈负异常，具滨海潮坪相沉积特征。石墨矿体δ13C值为-28.35‰～-29.08‰，平均为-28.59‰，表明成矿碳质主要为有机碳。昔街角闪二长闪长岩锆石的LA-MC-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 年龄为(823.4±3.6) Ma，晚于天宝山组火山岩形成时代（954 Ma），代表了石墨矿受叠加变质时间。综上，该矿床成因类型为沉积-变质型，其变质作用可能包括晋宁期区域动力变质作用并叠加了接触变质。

    This is an article in the field of earth sciences. The newly discovered Maoping graphite deposit is a super-large crystalline graphite deposit that is located in the middle-northern section of the Kang-Dian fault-uplift belt on the western margin of the Upper Yangtze paleo-continent, and the research on the source of mineralization and its mineralization age is relatively weak. The orebodies occur in the epimetamorphic rocks of Mesoproterozoic Tianbaoshan Formation. In this paper, the geochemical characteristics of major ores, trace amounts and rare earth elements were mainly studied. The results show that the original rock of the ore-bearing rock layer is parametamorphic rock, a set of carbonaceous quartz-bearing siltstone, which is deposited in an oxygen-deficient environment. The characteristics of trace elements indicate that the original rock of the ore body is formed by the deposition of offshore terrigenous clasts. The ores show sedimentary characteristics of coastal tidal flat facies, with an average ΣREE of 158 g/t, average δ Ce value of 0.63 (weak negative anomaly), and an average δ Eu value of 0.69 (negative abnormaly). The graphite ore body has a δ13C value of -28.35‰～-29.08‰, with an average of -28.59‰, indicating that the mineralized carbon is dominated by organic carbon. The LA-MC-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb of amphibole zircon from Xijie hornblende diorite Zircon is (823.4±3.6) Ma, which is later than the formation era of volcanic rocks of the Tianbaoshan Formation (954 Ma), representing the time of superposition metamorphism of graphite. In summary,the genetic type of the ore deposit is sedimentary- metamorphism and its metamorphism may include the regional dynamic metamorphism of Jinning period that is superimposed by contact metamorphism.

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  • 图 1  茅坪石墨矿床大地构造位置图（a）及矿床地质简图（b）

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  茅坪矿区矿石野外、手标本、钻孔及镜下特征

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  矿石与围岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网(图(a、b))及球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(图(c、d)) (原始地幔标准值[14]；球粒陨石标准值[15] )

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  昔街岩角闪二长花岗岩体表性锆石阴极发光图像及测年结果

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  昔街岩角闪二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)及加权平均年龄 (b)

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  矿石K-A[17]

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  $\left(\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+\mathrm{TiO}_2\right)-\left(\mathrm{SiO}_2+\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{O}\right)-\Sigma $[19]

    Figure 7. 

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    表 1  矿石与围岩主量元素组成/%

    Table 1.  Composition of major elements of the graphite ores and country rocks

    岩性及样品
    编号    		 石墨矿石 围岩（绢云母千枚岩、片岩）
    MP-1 MP-2 MP-3 MP-4 MP-5 MP-6 MP-7 MP-9 MP-10 MP-11 MP-12 MP-13 MP-14 MP-15 MP-16
    SiO2 77.8 80.4 79.3 89.1 85.3 82.1 88.4 88.5 76.9 66.4 64.4 67.7 64.1 66.8 67.2
    Al2O3 7.15 6.94 9.46 1.54 3.93 5.94 4.99 4.36 8.42 16.8 17.90 17.4 17.0 16.9 16.5
    Fe2O3 3.51 1.35 0.68 0.02 0.04 0.63 0.36 1.39 2.76 3.49 2.24 1.89 3.66 2.86 2.48
    FeO 0.57 0.65 0.47 0.22 0.22 0.41 0.36 0.24 0.39 0.25 1.32 1.28 2.39 1.49 2.13
    CaO 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.17 0.83 0.25 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
    MgO 0.58 0.55 0.74 0.15 0.34 0.56 0.42 0.37 0.73 1.36 1.84 0.74 1.49 0.89 0.96
    K2O 2.28 2.18 3.21 0.49 1.41 1.82 1.64 1.40 2.68 5.27 5.35 4.85 4.15 4.53 4.29
    Na2O 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.17 0.14 0.27 0.22 0.27 0.25
    TiO2 0.42 0.40 0.51 0.86 0.17 0.25 0.21 0.19 0.41 0.76 0.82 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.99
    P2O5 0.33 0.14 0.07 0.22 0.62 0.28 0.65 0.07 0.32 0.18 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.06
    MnO 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.17 0.10 0.13 0.06 0.06
    灼失 6.72 6.39 3.96 5.46 5.85 6.07 1.75 1.90 6.25 3.90 4.22 3.65 4.26 3.66 3.66
    total 99.5 99.1 98.5 98.3 98.7 98.4 99.1 98.5 99.0 98.6 98.5 98.8 98.3 98.4 98.6
    SiO2/Al2O3 10.9 11.6 8.39 57.9 21.7 13.8 17.7 20.3 9.13 3.95 3.60 3.88 3.77 3.95 4.09
    K2O/Na2O 27.1 28.3 54.4 10.2 27.6 28.0 24.1 31.1 22.3 31.0 38.2 18.0 18.9 16.8 17.2
    MgO/CaO 30.5 36.7 74.0 0.88 0.41 2.24 1.40 37.0 73.0 64.8 102.2 74.0 149.0 89.0 48.0
    DF3 -6.41 -6.32 -5.49 -8.07 -6.59 -6.47 -7.61 -8.20 -5.80 -2.93 -2.91 -2.49 -3.84 -3.01 -3.40
    注：DF3=-0.21SiO2-0.32Fe2O3 (全铁)-0.98 MgO+0.55 CaO+1.46 Na2O+0.54 K2O+10.44[12]
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    表 2  石墨矿石与围岩微量及稀土元素组成/(g/t)

    Table 2.  Composition of trace elements and rare earth elements of the graphite ores and country rocks

    岩性及样品
    编号    		 石墨矿石 围岩（绢云母千枚岩、片岩）
    MP-1 MP-2 MP-3 MP-4 MP-5 MP-6 MP-7 MP-9 MP-10 MP-11 MP-12 MP-13 MP-14 MP-15 MP-16
    Rb 60.7 65.3 91.1 16.8 44.6 53.6 54.3 44.5 82.5 224 207 232 208 209 227
    Sr 41 15.6 17.8 9.3 18 13.8 15.3 10.4 18.6 22.5 16.5 17.9 17.8 23.9 22
    Ba 302 242 324 132 173 197 194 167 247 886 1080 661 580 607 500
    Nb 7.06 6.56 8.95 1.25 3.64 5.2 4.06 4.15 7.84 13.1 14.3 17.2 18.8 16.4 28
    Ta 0.53 0.47 0.76 0.071 0.29 0.41 0.34 0.25 0.6 1.13 1.27 1.48 1.22 1.14 1.7
    Cs 1.79 1.68 2.2 0.48 1.07 1.64 1.29 1.11 2.67 5.82 7.17 6.47 8.71 5.8 7.19
    U 30.7 7.93 9.95 2.8 5.82 9.87 7.49 2.61 10.9 3.19 2.88 2.46 2.33 2.2 2.14
    Th 10.4 5.07 9.32 1.62 5.59 4.6 6.23 1.71 7.1 16.3 16.4 14.8 12.9 12.6 13
    Co 13.5 2.09 1.52 1.47 1.09 1.21 1.05 3.5 2.05 3.56 21 11.9 26.8 10.5 15
    Ni 36.1 19.4 4.13 1.73 2.00 7.72 1.85 3.18 11.1 9.12 75.8 17.6 40.1 20.7 22.1
    Cr 92.8 70.5 108 24.4 68.6 101 74.4 49.9 104 75.8 81.2 101 94.5 87.9 93.6
    V 1050 1000 2120 720 1190 726 1430 161 269 113 101 139 138 139 122
    Cu 151 146 131 9.33 16.5 129 25.8 138 104 176 46.8 12.2 13.5 24.2 16.5
    Pb 38.6 11.2 5.04 4.52 3.92 3.56 4.28 6.32 6.17 7.26 4.11 4.96 3.7 8.79 4.56
    Zn 51.2 47.5 9.27 6.29 8.38 11.4 6.53 13.2 15.1 21.1 169 23 38.4 29.6 35.8
    Mo 71.7 97.1 73.6 3.27 2.19 20.6 10.1 20.7 31.7 12.2 3.18 1.09 0.46 0.82 0.58
    Ga 12.8 15.3 14.3 1.94 5.81 7.05 7.39 5.68 11.3 23.5 25.2 24.8 24.2 23.3 26.9
    Se 5.53 3.02 128 0.47 0.34 5.06 3.97 5.2 4.25 20.2 0.26 0.046 0.046 0.15 0.05
    Zr 130 129 219 27.4 69.5 101 80.9 61.9 108 181 182 192 200 189 311
    Hf 3.36 3.22 4.72 0.57 1.66 2.46 1.9 1.53 2.65 4.54 4.8 4.01 4.36 4.02 6.46
    Y 59.8 50.1 61.3 13.8 41.4 32.9 28.4 10.2 26.6 15.3 27.8 25.3 47.7 21.7 33.2
    Rb/Sr 1.48 4.19 5.12 1.81 2.48 3.88 3.55 4.28 4.44 9.96 12.55 12.96 11.69 8.74 10.32
    Sr/Ba 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
    U/Th 2.95 1.56 1.07 1.73 1.04 2.15 1.20 1.53 1.54 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.16
    Uau 27.2 6.24 6.84 2.26 3.96 8.34 5.41 2.04 8.53 -2.24 -2.59 -2.47 -1.97 -2.00 -2.19
    Ni/Co 2.67 9.28 2.72 1.18 1.83 6.38 1.76 0.91 5.41 2.56 3.61 1.48 1.50 1.97 1.47
    V/Cr 11.31 14.18 19.63 29.51 17.35 7.19 19.22 3.23 2.59 1.49 1.24 1.38 1.46 1.58 1.30
    V/(Ni+V) 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.57 0.89 0.77 0.87 0.85
    Zr/Y 2.17 2.57 3.57 1.99 1.68 3.07 2.85 6.07 4.06 11.83 6.55 7.59 4.19 8.71 9.37
    Nb/Ta 13.3 14.0 11.8 17.6 12.6 12.7 11.9 16.6 13.1 11.6 11.3 11.6 15.4 14.4 16.5
    La 59.6 109 45.1 2.65 16.2 17.6 31 19.1 27.6 40.3 41.8 29.1 21.1 41.0 47.4
    Ce 69.5 140 60.8 3.88 22.5 23.5 38.9 29.8 58.7 71.8 64.6 46.8 15.6 29.2 53.8
    Pr 17.2 31.1 13.5 0.95 4.7 5.19 8.53 4.44 7.4 9.15 10.3 4.95 4.86 5.95 9.91
    Nd 72.5 128 57.6 4.58 21.2 21.7 36.3 18.2 30.1 34.1 38.3 16.4 20.1 18.4 34.4
    Sm 13.2 21.2 11.5 1.26 5.16 5.2 7.02 3.23 6.68 6.66 7.49 2.89 4.72 3.47 6.93
    Eu 2.26 3.04 2.19 0.36 1.33 1.22 1.41 0.74 1.43 1.33 1.72 0.71 1.07 0.80 1.33
    Gd 10.3 13.8 9.72 1.52 5.69 5.2 5.44 2.56 6.17 5.56 6.57 2.9 5.17 3.02 6.4
    Tb 1.44 1.56 1.45 0.27 0.89 0.84 0.75 0.3 0.88 0.68 1.00 0.49 0.92 0.52 1.05
    Dy 8.64 7.86 8.81 1.85 5.91 5.18 4.32 1.59 5.03 3.28 5.79 3.36 6.19 3.34 6.12
    Ho 1.86 1.63 1.98 0.42 1.25 1.14 0.92 0.35 0.97 0.61 1.10 0.74 1.27 0.7 1.09
    Er 6.17 5.18 6.38 1.36 3.96 3.66 2.94 1.14 2.96 1.89 3.30 2.32 3.96 2.22 3.17
    Tm 0.82 0.7 0.87 0.18 0.52 0.52 0.4 0.17 0.4 0.29 0.44 0.35 0.51 0.32 0.42
    Yb 6.19 5.15 6.22 1.25 3.59 3.68 2.83 1.35 2.87 3.73 3.20 2.47 3.40 2.32 2.85
    Lu 1.06 0.89 1.08 0.21 0.59 0.66 0.49 0.26 0.48 0.39 0.53 0.4 0.52 0.38 0.44
    ΣREE 271 469 227 20.7 93.5 95.3 141 83.2 152 180 186 114 89.4 112 175
    ΣLREE 234.3 432 191 13.7 71.1 74.4 123 75.5 132 163 164 101 67.5 98.8 154
    ΣHREE 36.5 36.8 36.5 7.06 22.4 20.9 18.1 7.72 19.8 16.4 21.9 13.0 21.9 12.8 21.5
    LREE/HREE 6.42 11.8 5.22 1.94 3.17 3.56 6.81 9.78 6.68 9.94 7.49 7.74 3.07 7.71 7.14
    δ Eu 0.57 0.51 0.62 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.67 0.76 0.67 0.65 0.73 0.74 0.66 0.74 0.60
    δ Ce 0.52 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.75 0.97 0.87 0.73 0.86 0.36 0.40 0.57
    注：Uau=Uto一Th／3(Uto表示总U)
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    表 3  茅坪石墨矿床石墨碳同位素测试结果

    Table 3.  Carbon isotope test results of graphite in Maoping crystalline graphite deposit

    序号 样品编号 样品岩性 δ13C／‰ 数据来源
    1 MP-4 石墨片岩 -28.52 本文实测
    2 MP-6 石墨片岩 -28.64
    3 MP-7 石墨片岩 -28.37
    4 MP-9 石墨片岩 -29.08
    5 MP-10 石墨片岩 -28.35
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    表 4  茅坪石墨矿昔街岩体LA-MC-ICP-MS 锆石U-Th-Pb 同位素分析结果

    Table 4.  LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results of Xijie rock in the Maoping graphite deposit

    测点号 同位素含量/(g/t) 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
    Pb Th U 232Th/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U
    测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ 测值 1σ
    PM14-1
    1 50 111 310 0.48 0.0668 0.0010 1.2662 0.0207 0.1370 0.0012 833 168 831 9 827 7
    2 77 197 475 0.59 0.0665 0.0008 1.2574 0.0199 0.1367 0.0017 822 29 827 9 826 9
    3 96 276 565 0.70 0.0668 0.0008 1.2624 0.0183 0.1369 0.0016 831 23 829 8 827 9
    4 46 127 295 0.57 0.0680 0.0011 1.2827 0.0273 0.1359 0.0015 878 34 838 12 822 9
    5 114 294 686 0.62 0.0656 0.0007 1.2465 0.0193 0.1373 0.0016 794 24 822 9 829 9
    6 33 83 198 0.59 0.0659 0.0010 1.2507 0.0230 0.1377 0.0019 1200 31 824 10 832 11
    7 63 148 376 0.55 0.0675 0.0011 1.2662 0.0217 0.1359 0.0011 854 35 831 10 821 6
    8 69 152 417 0.51 0.0663 0.0010 1.2551 0.0237 0.1369 0.0017 817 34 826 11 827 10
    9 75 160 450 0.47 0.0651 0.0009 1.2426 0.0224 0.1381 0.0018 776 27 820 10 834 10
    10 110 254 673 0.51 0.0650 0.0008 1.2277 0.0204 0.1364 0.0016 776 225 813 9 824 9
    11 41 83 261 0.40 0.0695 0.0009 1.2825 0.0215 0.1332 0.0013 922 26 838 10 806 8
    12 53 169 343 0.63 0.0702 0.0016 1.1792 0.0271 0.1214 0.0010 933 45 791 13 739 6
    13 65 203 377 0.69 0.0658 0.0009 1.2465 0.0178 0.1368 0.0011 800 28 822 8 827 6
    14 62 144 385 0.48 0.0669 0.0008 1.2696 0.0205 0.1371 0.0016 835 26 832 9 828 9
    15 26 50 147 0.44 0.0722 0.0020 1.4383 0.0447 0.1432 0.0018 992 24 905 19 863 10
    16 73 238 464 0.62 0.0658 0.0009 1.2519 0.0236 0.1373 0.0019 798 30 824 11 829 11
    17 38 97 234 0.55 0.0666 0.0009 1.2658 0.0197 0.1373 0.0014 833 30 831 9 829 8
    18 86 215 537 0.53 0.0665 0.0008 1.2419 0.0169 0.1348 0.0012 820 31 820 8 815 7
    19 146 435 940 0.62 0.0659 0.0008 1.1541 0.0154 0.1260 0.0010 806 19 779 7 765 6
    20 32 91 203 0.58 0.0667 0.0010 1.2535 0.0234 0.1357 0.0017 828 33 825 11 820 9
    21 58 141 369 0.52 0.0669 0.0008 1.2537 0.0175 0.1350 0.0013 835 25 825 8 816 7
    22 45 137 276 0.69 0.0656 0.0009 1.2383 0.0194 0.1362 0.0016 794 28 818 9 823 9
    23 42 95 264 0.50 0.0664 0.0009 1.2482 0.0202 0.1356 0.0015 817 33 823 9 820 9
    24 50 115 315 0.52 0.0665 0.0009 1.2559 0.0209 0.1363 0.0016 820 30 826 9 824 9
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    表 5  古水体氧化－还原环境微量元素判别指标[21]

    Table 5.  Determination index of trace elements in ancient water oxidation-reduction environment[21]

    判别指标 缺氧还原
    环境    		 贫氧过度
    环境    		 富氧氧化
    环境    		 矿体 围岩
    V/Cr >4.5 2.0-4.5 <2.0 14.4 1.41
    V/(V+Ni) >0.84 0.6-0.84 <0.6 0.99 0.81
    U/Th >1.25 0.75-1.25 <0.75 1.65 0.18
    Uau >12 5-12 <5 7.33 -2.24
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    表 6  同类石墨矿床及相关地区13C组成对比

    Table 6.  Correlation of δ13C composition in the same type of graphite deposit and other areas

    序号 样品岩性 δ13C／‰ 数据来源
    1 石墨片岩 -28.35～-29.08 本文实测
    2 石墨片岩 -24.5～-22.0 南江坪河石墨矿[28]
    3 石墨片岩 -19.0～-21.4 旺苍大河坝石墨矿[29]
    4 石墨片岩 -28.4～-28.0 攀枝花中坝石墨矿[3]
    5 石墨大理岩 -27.64
    6 石墨矿 -24.0～-21.2 山东南墅石墨矿[32]
    7 大理岩 +0.8～+1.5
    8 石墨矿 -16.8～-24.4 黑龙江柳毛石墨矿[31]
    9 大理岩 -5.60～+3.00
    10 煤、沥青 -21.7～-31.2 浙江安吉、开化、淳安[30]
    11 原油 -24.0～-27.0 渤海、任丘、大港[30]
    注：序号2-11为引用数据。
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