Sichuan Dechang Continental Trough Rare Earth Ore Beneficiation Process
-
摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。四川冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带是我国重要的与晚渐新世—中新世碳酸岩相关的硬岩型稀土成矿带。该成矿带内分布着与霓石石英正长岩—碳酸岩杂岩体密切相关的牦牛坪超大型、大陆槽大型、木洛和里庄中型轻稀土矿床；该成矿带查明的稀土资源储量（REO）达数百万吨，占全国查明资源量的 8.73%，是我国重要硬岩型稀土资源基地。大陆槽稀土资源优于牦牛坪之处是矿体厚大，便于开采，矿石平均REO品位比牦牛坪高出1%～2%，矿石中以氟碳铈矿矿物相赋存的稀土分配率高，氟碳铈矿中ThO2量微（牦牛坪0.18%～0.43%），对深加工和环保十分有利。本文基于稀土选矿生产实践，总结不同时期的生产工艺流程对稀土资源的回收利用情况，对大陆槽稀土选矿工艺提出了新的思考和见解，为合理利用稀土资源提供参考依据。
-
关键词:
- 矿物加工工程 /
- 大陆槽矿区 /
- 稀土 /
- 磁选-重选-浮选联合流程
Abstract:This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. The Mianning-Dechang rare-earth mineralization belt in Sichuan is an important hard-rock-type rare-earth mineralization belt associated with Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene carbonatites in China.Within this metallogenic belt, there are Yakpeng super-large, Continental Trough large, Muluo and Lizhuang medium-sized light rare earth deposits closely associated with nepH值eline quartz orthoclase-carbonate heteroliths; the identified rare earth resource reserves (REO) in this metallogenic belt amount to several million t, which account for 8.73% of the identified resources in the country, and it is an important hardrock-type rare earth resource base in China. The advantage of rare earth resources in the continental trough over the Maoniuping is that the ore body is thick and large, easy to mine, the average grade of REO is 1%～2% higher than that of Maoniuping, and the rare earth distribution rate in the ore endowed with cerium fluorocarbon (CeFc) mineral pH值ase is high, and the amount of ThO2 in Cerium Fluorocarbon (CuFc) is small (Maoniuping 0.18%～0.43%), which is very favorable to the deep-processing and environmental protection. This article is based on rare earth beneficiation production practice, summarizes the different periods of production process on the recovery and utilization of rare earth resources, the continental trough rare earth beneficiation process puts forward new thinking and insights, for the rational use of rare earth resources to provide reference basis.
-
-
表 1 矿石、矿泥和氟碳铈矿的稀土配分（ZREO=100%）
Table 1. Rare earth partitioning of ores, sludges and cerium fluorocarbon ores
名 称 LREO MREO HREO Ce2O3 Eu2O3 Y2O3 矿 石 97.62 1.83 0.55 44.20 0.19 0.48 矿 泥 96.83 2.29 0.88 45.40 0.26 0.76 氟碳铈矿 98.83 1.08 0.09 47.43 0.094 0.064 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 矿石化学成分分析结果/%
Table 2. Rare earth partitioning of ores, sludges and cerium fluorocarbon ores
TREO La Ce Nd Th SrO SiO2 S CaO 2.81 0.81 1.13 0.27 0.024 10.86 18.08 1.95 29.31 MgO TFe TiO2 Al2O3 K2O Na2O BaO F 0.30 3.22 0.20 13.04 2.63 0.12 7.24 7.13
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 氟碳铈镧矿的工艺粒度测定结果
Table 3. Process particle size determination results of cerium lanthanum fluorocarbon ores
粒径/ mm >0. 5 0. 5～0. 2 0. 2～0. 15 0. 15～0. 074 0. 074～0.04 0. 04～0. 02 0. 02～0.01 ＜0. 01 含量/ % 27.17 27.02 9.25 8.37 14.10 10.42 3.38 0.29 累计/ % 27.17 54.19 63.44 71.81 85.91 96.33 99.71 100.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 矿石中矿物组成及相对含量
Table 4. Mineral composition and relative content of ores
矿物名称 含量/ % 矿物名称 含量/ % 氟碳铈镧矿 3.82 方解石 10.75 独居石 0.03 钾长石 19.10 钍石 0.01 白云母 1.80 碳酸锶矿 7.60 黑云母 1.32 天青石 1.50 石英 7.45 重晶石 2.21 褐铁矿 2.85 锶钡硫酸盐矿物 17.10 其他矿物 6.77 萤石 17.69 总计 100.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 昆明理工大学实验所用试料化学成分分析结果
Table 5. Results of chemical composition analysis of test materials used in Kunming University of Science and Technology tests
REO La Ce Nd Th SrO SiO2 S Ca 5.01 1.48 1.83 0.73 0.058 7.55 26.68 4.25 10.80 Mg Fe Ti Al2O3 K2O Na2O BaO F 1.45 2.59 0.22 7.38 2.84 0.80 2.60 6.91
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 昆明理工大学实验对比结果
Table 6. Comparison results of Kunming University of Science and Technology tests
工艺流程 产物名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% 重选流程 精矿 6 .15 50 .39 60 .96 中矿 64 .11 2 .59 32 .66 尾矿 29 .74 1 .09 6 .38 给矿 100 .00 5 .08 100 .00 重—磁流程 精矿 7 .50 50 .35 74 .04 中矿 14 .31 4 .88 13 .69 尾矿 78 .19 0 .80 12 .27 给矿 100 .00 5 .10 100 .00 磁选流程 精矿 7 .13 50 .51 71 .12 中矿 4 .85 6 .38 6 .11 尾矿 88 .02 1 .31 22 .77 给矿 100 .00 5 .06 100 .00 磁—重流程 精矿 7 .77 51 .08 78 .11 中矿 32 .41 2 .01 12 .82 尾矿 59 .82 0 .77 9 .07 给矿 100 .00 5 .08 100 .00
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 磁—重流程连续工业实验指标
Table 7. Indicators of continuous industrial tests of magnetic -heavy separation process
REO品位/% 精矿产率/% 回收率/% 原矿 给矿 精矿 尾矿 >7.00 7.35 55.67 4.09 5.94 45.04 6.00～7.00 6.42 52.59 3.66 5.64 46.19 4.00～6.00 5.13 50.39 3.04 4.40 43.26 4.00～7.00 6.44 53.07 3.73 5.49 45.22
下载: 导出CSV
表 8 浮—磁联合流程实验结果
Table 8. Test results of combined float-magnetic process
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% REO Sr REO Sr 磁选精矿 2.78 60.41 42.13 4.67 66.18 71.73 1.36 磁选尾矿 1.54 9.14 32.03 5.55 5.14 浮选尾矿 95.68 0.75 9.37 28.27 93.50 原矿 100.00 2.54 9.59 100.00 100.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 9 流程优化实验结果
Table 9. Process optimization test results
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% TREO S TREO S 硫精矿 2.60 0.99 43.63 0.75 84.03 稀土精矿 3.52 61.48 0.12 63.10 0.31 稀土中矿（返回浮选或单独处理） 1.50 24.15 / 10.58 / 尾矿1（抛尾尾矿） 54.46 0.90 / 14.29 / 尾矿2（稀土浮选尾矿） 33.81 0.58 / 5.72 / 尾矿3（浮选精矿的磁选尾矿） 4.11 4.64（实测3.87） / 5.56 / 总尾矿（尾矿1+尾矿2+尾矿3） 92.38 0.95 / 25.57 / 原 矿 100.00 3.43 1.35 100.00 100.00
下载: 导出CSV
表 10 调研期间德昌厚地选厂生产指标
Table 10. Production indicators of Dechang Houdi plant during the research period
一段筛下品位（给矿）/% 大强磁尾
品位/%稀土浮选 小强磁 总尾/% 原矿/% 精矿/% 尾矿/% 精矿/% 尾矿/% 1.75 1.12 2.70 11.11 1.36 57.70 9.18 1.44 1.94 0.94 2.73 29.57 0.92 46.26 20.54 1.26 2.01 1.02 3.14 21.80 1.13 45.12 11.21 1.02 1.56 0.82 2.92 25.81 0.98 53.58 8.63 1.28 1.77 1.20 2.59 24.44 0.73 54.70 13.42 1.31 1.87 0.89 2.37 29.05 0.81 61.47 14.48 1.21 1.75 1.30 2.51 24.36 0.81 58.02 13.22 1.24 1.87 1.33 2.36 27.88 0.89 60.31 9.98 1.30 平均 1.82 1.08 2.67 24.25 0.95 54.65 12.58 1.26
下载: 导出CSV
表 11 德昌稀土原矿强磁选预富集实验结果/%
Table 11. Test results of Dechang rare earth raw ore strong magnetic separation pre-enrichment
-74μm含量/%± 给矿品位REO/% 精矿品位REO/% 尾矿品位REO/% 精矿产率/% REO回收率/% 50 1.10 1.65 0.83 32.51 48.76 60 1.08 1.87 0.79 26.68 46.19 70 1.13 1.69 0.91 28.46 42.56 80 1.10 1.28 1.02 30.80 35.84
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 郭金承. 聂飞, 吴松洋, 等, 川西德昌馒头山离子吸附型重稀土矿床的发现及其地质意义[J]. 沉积与特与提斯地质, 2024, 44(1):86-99.GUO J C, NIE F, WU S Y, et al. The discovery and geological significance of the Mantoushan ion-adsorp- tion type heavy rare earth deposit in Dechang, western Sichuan[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2024, 44(1):86-99.
GUO J C, NIE F, WU S Y, et al. The discovery and geological significance of the Mantoushan ion-adsorp- tion type heavy rare earth deposit in Dechang, western Sichuan[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2024, 44(1):86-99.
[2] 郭东旭, 刘琰, 陈超, 等. 川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体中锆石矿物学特征与矿化过程[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2017, 36(3):343-359.GUO D X, LIU Y, CHEN C, et al. Mineral characteristics of zircons in the syenite-carbonatite complex in the Mianning-Dechang REE ore belt, Sichuan Province, SW China[J]. Indicative of REE Mineralization, 2017, 36(3):343-359. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6524.2017.03.005
GUO D X, LIU Y, CHEN C, et al. Mineral characteristics of zircons in the syenite-carbonatite complex in the Mianning-Dechang REE ore belt, Sichuan Province, SW China[J]. Indicative of REE Mineralization, 2017, 36(3):343-359. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6524.2017.03.005
[3] 科学规划利用, 德昌打造强势稀土产业[N]. 凉山日报(汉), 2008-10-8(T6B).Scientific planning and utilization, Dechang builds strong rare earth industry [N]. Liangshan Daily (Han), 2008-10-8(T6B).
Scientific planning and utilization, Dechang builds strong rare earth industry [N]. Liangshan Daily (Han), 2008-10-8(T6B).
[4] 施泽民, 李小渝. 德昌大陆槽稀土矿床的发现及其意义[J]. 四川地质学报, 1995, 15(3):216-217.SHI Z M, LI X Y. Discovery and significance of rare earth deposits in the Dechang continental trough[J]. Sichuan Geological Journal, 1995, 15(3):216-217.
SHI Z M, LI X Y. Discovery and significance of rare earth deposits in the Dechang continental trough[J]. Sichuan Geological Journal, 1995, 15(3):216-217.
[5] 朱志敏. 四川德昌大陆槽稀土矿工艺矿物学[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2016(5):76-79.ZHU Z M. Process mineralogy of the rare earth mine in the continental trough of Dechang, Sichuan[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2016(5):76-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2016.05.018
ZHU Z M. Process mineralogy of the rare earth mine in the continental trough of Dechang, Sichuan[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2016(5):76-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2016.05.018
[6] 张宗华, 罗长青, 杨德坤, 等. 德昌大陆槽稀土选矿实验研究[J]. 稀土, 1998, 19(5):1-8.ZHANG Z H, LUO C Q, YANG D K, et al. Experimental study of rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[J]. Rare earth, 1998, 19(5):1-8.
ZHANG Z H, LUO C Q, YANG D K, et al. Experimental study of rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[J]. Rare earth, 1998, 19(5):1-8.
[7] 四川德昌稀土矿磁选-重选流程工业实验取得良好指标[R]. 赣州有色冶金研究所, 2011.Industrial experiments on the magnetic separation-heavy separation process of Sichuan Dechang rare earth ore achieved good indicators[R]. Ganzhou Institute of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2011.
Industrial experiments on the magnetic separation-heavy separation process of Sichuan Dechang rare earth ore achieved good indicators[R]. Ganzhou Institute of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2011.
[8] 熊文良. 德昌大陆槽稀土选矿实验研究[R]. 成都: 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所, 2011.XIONG W L. Experimental study on rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[R]. Chengdu: Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Minerals, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 2011.
XIONG W L. Experimental study on rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[R]. Chengdu: Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Minerals, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 2011.
[9] 四川省凉山州德昌县大陆槽乡大陆槽稀土矿实验室选矿流程实验研究报告[R]. 国土资源部成都矿产资源监督检测中心, 德昌县厚地稀土矿业有限公司, 2018.Report on the experimental study of the laboratory beneficiation process of the Continental Trough rare earth mine, Continental Trough Township, Dechang County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province [R]. Chengdu Mineral Resources Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Dechang County Houdi Rare Earth Mining Co, Ltd, 2018.
Report on the experimental study of the laboratory beneficiation process of the Continental Trough rare earth mine, Continental Trough Township, Dechang County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province [R]. Chengdu Mineral Resources Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Dechang County Houdi Rare Earth Mining Co, Ltd, 2018.
[10] 朱英江, 王士伦. 提高德昌大陆槽稀土选矿回收率的研究[J]. 中国稀土, 资源综合利用与环境保护研讨会论文集, 2007: 74-77.ZHU Y J, WANG S L. Research on improving the recovery rate of rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[J]. China Rare Earths, Proceedings of the Symposium on Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Environmental Protection, 2007: 74-77.
ZHU Y J, WANG S L. Research on improving the recovery rate of rare earth beneficiation in Dechang continental trough[J]. China Rare Earths, Proceedings of the Symposium on Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and Environmental Protection, 2007: 74-77.
[11] 德昌大陆槽稀土矿稀土回收实验报告[R]. 中稀(凉山)稀土有限公司牦牛坪选矿厂, 邛崃市豪致科技有限公司, 2023.Experimental report on rare earth recovery at Dechang continental trough rare earth mine [R]. Maoniuping Beneficiation Plant of China Rare (Liangshan) Rare Earth Co. Ltd, Qionglai Haozhi Science and Technology Co, Ltd, 2023.
Experimental report on rare earth recovery at Dechang continental trough rare earth mine [R]. Maoniuping Beneficiation Plant of China Rare (Liangshan) Rare Earth Co. Ltd, Qionglai Haozhi Science and Technology Co, Ltd, 2023.
-
图(6)
表(11)
计量
- 文章访问数: 379
- PDF下载数: 104
- 施引文献: 0