Experimental Study on Disposal of Chromium-containing Sludge by Sintering
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摘要:
这是一篇冶金工程领域的论文。钢铁企业在钢板涂镀过程中产生的含铬污泥属于危险废物，其含有一定量的铁和氧化钙，可以通过烧结工艺对其进行资源化利用。本文以含铬污泥为研究对象，通过烧结杯实验探究了含铬污泥在烧结中的应用及影响，并对烧结完成后铬元素的分布情况进行了研究。烧结杯实验结果表明，该方案是可行的。含铬污泥的加入会促进烧结矿中复合铁酸钙相的形成，有利于改善烧结矿的性能。在含铬污泥配比不超过2.5%时，烧结矿的成品率、利用系数和转鼓指数均会有所提高，返矿率和平均粒径会有所降低。在烧结过程中，84%～90%的铬会被固定在烧结矿中，9%～14%会被固定在返矿中，仅不足1%进入烟尘。由此可见，烧结工艺协同处置含铬污泥不会产生二次污染，可以充分发挥钢铁企业的环保效能。
Abstract:This is an article in the field of metallurgical engineering. The chromium-containing sludge produced by iron and steel enterprises in the process of steel plate coating is a hazardous waste. It contains a certain amount of iron and calcium oxide, which can be used as a resource through the sintering process. In this paper, chromium-containing sludge was taken as the research object. The application and influence of chromium-containing sludge in sintering were investigated by sintering cup test, and the distribution of chromium element after sintering was studied.The results of sintering pot tests showed that the scheme was feasible.The addition of chromium-containing sludge could promote the formation of complex calcium ferrite phase and improve the performance of sinter. When the ratio of chromium-containing sludge in sintering mixture was less than 2.5%, the yield and utilization coefficient of sinter increased, the drum index also increased, and the return rate and average particle size decreased. During the sintering process, chromium was rarely diffused, and 84～90%, 9%～14% and less than 1% would be fixed in the sinter, return ore, and into the smoke dust, respectively. Overall, the sintering process synergistic treatment of chromium-containing sludge would not produce secondary pollution, which had promising application as an environmental protection strategy for iron and steel enterprises.
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表 1 含铬污泥化学成分/%
Table 1. Chemical composition of chromium-containing sludge
Cr Cr6+ TFe SiO2 CaO MgO Na2O Cr2O3 Al2O3 FeO S Cl- K2O 水分 3.27 0.000 016 9.49 28.06 26.27 1.57 2.85 4.78 4.15 9.34 2.29 0.42 0.092 43.9 
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表 2 国内铬渣主要化学成分/%
Table 2. Main chemical composition of chromium slags in China
Cr2O3 Cr6+ Fe2O3 SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3 3～8 0.5～1.5 6～15 5～15 25～35 20～35 6～13
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表 3 含铬污泥的破碎后粒度
Table 3. Particle size of crushed chromium-containing sludge
粒径/mm -0.5 -1+0.5 -3+1 -5+3 -8+5 -10+8 +10 粒度分布/% 7.7 2.8 20.0 19.1 37.6 7.6 5.2
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表 4 烧结原料的主要化学成分/%
Table 4. Main chemical composition of sintered raw materials
TFe SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO 水分 返矿 56.01 4.85 1.61 10.65 2.07 0.00 镁石 - 7.54 0.56 2.02 43.51 5.34 石灰石 - 2.46 0.63 51.97 1.1 1.18 煤焦 - 8.23 4.41 0.81 0.21 4.83 生石灰 - 2.69 0.77 65.35 3.07 0.00 铁精粉1 61.03 4.43 1.72 <0.01 <0.01 8.76 铁精粉2 66.47 5.49 - - - 10.32 尘泥 50.26 4.87 1.16 9.92 1.76 0.22 铁精粉3 59.61 4.45 2.34 <0.1 0.12 0.44
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表 5 烧结燃料的工业分析/%
Table 5. Industrial analysis of sintering fuels
项目 C固 灰分 挥发分 Ig H2O 焦粉 82.12 16.86 0.76 82.88 0.26
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表 6 实验配料方案/%
Table 6. Test proportion scheme
编号 1（基准） 2 3 4 5 6 7 返矿 21.40 21.40 21.40 21.40 21.40 21.40 21.40 镁石 2.76 2.73 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.64 2.62 石灰石 7.04 7.16 7.27 7.36 7.47 7.56 7.67 煤焦 4.20 4.31 4.42 4.42 4.44 4.44 4.47 生石灰 3.44 3.40 3.38 3.36 3.33 3.31 3.27 铁精粉1 15.29 15.16 15.00 14.91 14.78 14.67 14.56 铁精粉2 21.40 21.20 21.02 20.87 20.69 20.53 20.38 尘泥 9.18 9.09 9.00 8.93 8.87 8.80 8.73 铁精粉3 15.29 15.05 14.80 14.56 14.35 14.15 13.90 含铬污泥 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.0 合计 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 7 烧结矿粒度组成/%
Table 7. Particle size of sintering
配比 +40 mm -40+25 mm -25+16 mm -16+10 mm -10+5 mm 平均粒径/mm -5 mm返矿率 0% 15.40 23.42 26.24 19.91 15.04 23.2 17.0 0.5% 11.57 25.16 27.18 21.73 14.36 22.9 12.6 1.0% 11.14 25.93 27.80 21.16 13.97 22.9 9.1 1.5% 9.06 28.45 27.53 20.63 14.33 22.7 13.0 2.0% 11.75 23.43 28.37 21.19 15.27 22.6 13.9 2.5% 9.69 25.37 31.50 20.37 13.06 22.7 9.6 3.0% 5.10 21.75 32.85 25.25 15.04 20.5 8.6
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