GIS-based Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil of Wanzhuang Gold Tailing Pond and Surrounding Areas in Beijing
-
摘要:
针对北京万庄金尾矿库的土壤金属污染现象，对矿区、尾矿库、选矿厂共计182个土壤样品进行测试指标分析，运用内梅罗指数法对矿区土壤重金属元素进行污染评价，并通过Arc GIS软件对矿区土壤各金属污染元素在空间分布上进行分级绘制。结果显示，研究区污染程度为矿区＞尾矿库＞选矿厂，矿区污染元素中As、Pb严重超标，近乎22.8%的样品构成重度污染，尾矿库中As元素构成重度污染；其次中度污染的是Cd，研究区范围内普遍存在；而Cu、Zn表现为轻微污染，Cr、Ni几乎无污染。根据污染元素空间分布和污染程度推断研究区内土壤重金属元素由矿区、选矿厂和尾矿库不断向上游500 m和下游2 km范围内迁移，但并未影响生活区。本研究为此金尾矿库金属污染及治理提供了依据，也为其他矿区提供参考价值。
Abstract:Aiming at the phenomenon of soil metal pollution in Beijing Wanzhuang gold tailings reservoir, 182 soil samples from the mining area, tailings pond and concentrator were tested and analyzed. The Nemero index method was used to evaluate the pollution of heavy metal elements in the soil of the mining area, and the spatial distribution of metal pollution elements in the soil of the mining area was mapped by using Arc GIS software. The results show that the pollution degree in the study area is mining area > tailings pond > concentrator. As and Pb in the polluted elements in the mining area seriously exceed the standard. Nearly 22.8% of the samples constitute heavy pollution, and as in the tailings pond constitutes heavy pollution. Secondly, Cd is moderately polluted, which is common in the study area. While Cu and Zn are slightly polluted, Cr and Ni are almost free of pollution. According to the spatial distribution and pollution degree of pollution elements, it is inferred that heavy metal elements in the soil in the study area continuously migrate from the mining area, concentrator and tailings pond to 500 m upstream and 2 km downstream, but do not affect the living area. This study provides a basis for metal pollution and treatment of gold tailings pond, and also provides reference value for other mining areas.
-
Key words:
- Metal pollution /
- Nemerow index method /
- GIS spatial distribution /
- Lead
-
-
表 1 测试方法及仪器统计
Table 1. Test methods and instrument statistics
污染元素 测试仪器 测试方法 检测标准 Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn 等离子体质谱仪 ICP-MS（电感耦合等离子体质谱法） 电感耦合等离子体质谱法DZ/T0279.3—2016 Cr X射线荧光光谱仪 XRF（X-射线荧光光谱法） X射线荧光光谱法DZ/T0279.1—2016 As 原子荧光光度计 HG-AFS（氢化物-原子荧光光谱法） 氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法DZ/T0279.13—2016 Hg 原子荧光光度计 HG-AFS（氢化物-原子荧光光谱法） 蒸汽发生-冷原子荧光光谱法DZ/T0279.17—2016 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 测试指标统计
Table 2. Test index statistics
元素/(mg/kg) 极小值 极大值 中位数 标准差 均值 CV 背景值 Cd 0.05 102.95 9.33 10.15 2.86 0.452 0.17 Pb 22.47 12 846.55 1 756.22 1 805.64 651.77 2.384 24.4 Cu 23.05 1 342.73 127.63 137.41 76.22 0.630 26 Ni 24.15 84.22 6.88 7.22 34.87 0.402 31.6 Zn 65.21 7 257.69 754.67 791.37 322.45 0.774 73 Cr 42.17 207.33 14.33 15.74 70.04 0.364 71.7 As 0.09 4 471.22 699.14 722.61 215.88 0.685 10.34 Hg 0.02 0.99 0.13 0.16 0.12 0.120 0.046
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 土壤质量分级标准
Table 3. Standard of soil quality classification
评价方法 等级 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 单因子
指数法Pi <1 1～2 2～3 ＞3 - 污染程度 清洁 轻污染 中污染 重污染 - 内梅罗
指数法PN ≤0.7 0.7～1 1～2 2～3 ＞3 污染程度 安全 警戒 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 污染评价结果
Table 4. Pollution evaluation results
研究区域 元素 Cd Pb Cu Ni Zn Cr As Hg 矿区 最小值 1.662 2.157 0.867 0.114 0.271 0.163 2.008 0.441 最大值 3.157 5.037 1.554 0.387 0.719 0.461 4.851 0.994 平均值 2.176 3.425 1.198 0.272 0.548 0.305 3.017 0.721 尾矿库 最小值 1.333 1.852 0.624 0.101 0.196 0.142 1.842 0.401 最大值 3.012 4.865 1.423 0.342 0.645 0.423 4.332 0.884 平均值 2.001 3.147 1.063 0.223 0.457 0.256 2.551 0.614 选矿厂 最小值 1.015 1.557 0.534 0.095 0.184 0.128 1.553 0.358 最大值 2.841 4.622 1.239 0.315 0.554 0.338 3.856 0.771 平均值 1.775 2.954 1.011 0.204 0.368 0.229 2.317 0.527
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 污染等级结果
Table 5. Pollution level results
污染等级 矿区 尾矿库 选矿厂 样品个数 比例 样品个数 比例 样品个数 比例 安全 5 9.3% 15 18.3% 11 27.0% 警戒 7 12.7% 10 11.5% 5 10.8% 轻度污染 21 38.7% 29 34.2% 14 31.9% 中度污染 9 16.5% 13 15.7% 7 15.1% 重度污染 12 22.8% 17 20.3% 8 15.2%
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 刘应冬, 代力, 张卫华. 青海某金矿矿集区土壤重金属污染评价及综合利用讨论[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2018(5):97-100.LIU Y D, DAI L, ZHANG W H. Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution and discussion of comprehensive utilization in a gold mine concentration area in Qinghai[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2018(5):97-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2018.05.021
LIU Y D, DAI L, ZHANG W H. Evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution and discussion of comprehensive utilization in a gold mine concentration area in Qinghai[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2018(5):97-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2018.05.021
[2] 许艺. 土壤重金属污染的治理措施研究[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2021, 39(12):160-162.XU Y. Research on treatment measures of soil heavy metal pollution[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 39(12):160-162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.12.045
XU Y. Research on treatment measures of soil heavy metal pollution[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2021, 39(12):160-162. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2021.12.045
[3] 李瑞娟, 周冰. 安徽铜陵铜尾矿土壤污染评价及综合利用研究[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2021(4):36-40.LI R J, ZHOU B. Evaluation of soil pollution and comprehensive utilization of copper tailings in Tongling, Anhui Province[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021(4):36-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2021.04.006
LI R J, ZHOU B. Evaluation of soil pollution and comprehensive utilization of copper tailings in Tongling, Anhui Province[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021(4):36-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2021.04.006
[4] 张爱星, 聂义宁, 季宏兵, 等. 北京市水源涵养区上游万庄金矿田土壤重金属空间分布、形态特征及污染评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(12):2321-2328.ZHANG A X, NIE Y N, JI H B, et al. Spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in soil from Wanzhuang gold mine field in the upstream of Beijing's water conservation area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science, 2014, 33(12):2321-2328. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.12.007
ZHANG A X, NIE Y N, JI H B, et al. Spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in soil from Wanzhuang gold mine field in the upstream of Beijing's water conservation area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science, 2014, 33(12):2321-2328. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2014.12.007
[5] 张爱星, 聂义宁, 季宏兵, 等. 万庄金矿田土壤重金属的垂直分布及形态研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(S2):1-8.ZHANG A X, NIE Y N, JI H B, et al. Vertical distribution and morphology of heavy metals in soil of Wanzhuang gold mine field[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 37(S2):1-8.
ZHANG A X, NIE Y N, JI H B, et al. Vertical distribution and morphology of heavy metals in soil of Wanzhuang gold mine field[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 37(S2):1-8.
[6] 苗淼, 马延龙. 涉重金属污染地块调查样品采集方法初探[J]. 中国金属通报, 2021(9):156-158.MIAO M, MA Y L. A preliminary study on the sample collection method for the survey of heavy metal contaminated plots[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2021(9):156-158. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1667.2021.09.075
MIAO M, MA Y L. A preliminary study on the sample collection method for the survey of heavy metal contaminated plots[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2021(9):156-158. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1667.2021.09.075
[7] 张世文. ICP-MS测定土壤中重金属含量四种分解方法的探讨[J]. 新疆有色金属, 2019, 42(2):5-7.ZHANG S W. Exploration of four decomposition methods for the determination of heavy metal content in soil by ICP-MS[J]. Xinjiang Non-ferrous Metals, 2019, 42(2):5-7.
ZHANG S W. Exploration of four decomposition methods for the determination of heavy metal content in soil by ICP-MS[J]. Xinjiang Non-ferrous Metals, 2019, 42(2):5-7.
[8] 崔萌. 北京挂甲峪地区土壤重金属和硒元素的评价[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2019.CUI M. Evaluation of heavy metals and selenium in soils of Hangjayu area, Beijing[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2019.
CUI M. Evaluation of heavy metals and selenium in soils of Hangjayu area, Beijing[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2019.
[9] 罗妍, 黄艺, 余大明, 等. 东北典型煤矿区重金属环境评价与分析[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2021(4):50-58.LUO Y, HUANG Y, YU D M, et al. Environmental evaluation and analysis of heavy metals in typical coal mining areas in Northeast China[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021(4):50-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2021.04.008
LUO Y, HUANG Y, YU D M, et al. Environmental evaluation and analysis of heavy metals in typical coal mining areas in Northeast China[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2021(4):50-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2021.04.008
[10] 关伯仁. 评内梅罗的污染指数[J]. 环境科学, 1979(4):67-71.GUAN B R. Evaluation of Nemero's pollution index[J]. Environmental Science, 1979(4):67-71.
GUAN B R. Evaluation of Nemero's pollution index[J]. Environmental Science, 1979(4):67-71.
[11] 国家环境保护局, 国家技术监督局. GB 15618—1995 土壤环境质量标准[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995.State Environmental Protection Bureau, State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB 15618-1995 Environmental quality standards for soils [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1995.
State Environmental Protection Bureau, State Bureau of Technical Supervision. GB 15618-1995 Environmental quality standards for soils [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1995.
[12] 聂硕, 张福平, 燕玉超, 等. 基于GIS的县域土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价分析[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 56(1):81-89.NIE S, ZHANG F P, YAN Y C, et al. Analysis of spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of soil heavy metals in counties based on GIS[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 56(1):81-89. doi: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2020.01.010
NIE S, ZHANG F P, YAN Y C, et al. Analysis of spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of soil heavy metals in counties based on GIS[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 56(1):81-89. doi: 10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2020.01.010
[13] Zhang, Zheng, Li, Zhao. Human health risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal pollution in soil of a coal chemical plant in Northwest China[J]. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2020, 29(5).
[14] 王建, 夏天, 罗政, 等. 基于GIS的土壤重金属污染模拟扩散研究及应用[J]. 测绘与空间地理信息, 2022, 45(1):74-78.WANG J, XIA T, LUO Z, et al. Research and application of GIS-based simulated diffusion of soil heavy metal pollution[J]. Surveying, Mapping and Spatial Geographic Information, 2022, 45(1):74-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5867.2022.01.019
WANG J, XIA T, LUO Z, et al. Research and application of GIS-based simulated diffusion of soil heavy metal pollution[J]. Surveying, Mapping and Spatial Geographic Information, 2022, 45(1):74-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5867.2022.01.019
[15] 李俊晓, 李朝奎, 殷智慧. 基于ArcGIS的克里金插值方法及其应用[J]. 测绘通报, 2013(9):87-90+97.LI J X, LI C K, YIN Z H. Kriging interpolation method based on ArcGIS and its application[J]. Surveying and Mapping Bulletin, 2013(9):87-90+97.
LI J X, LI C K, YIN Z H. Kriging interpolation method based on ArcGIS and its application[J]. Surveying and Mapping Bulletin, 2013(9):87-90+97.
-
图(1)
表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 51
- PDF下载数: 9
- 施引文献: 0