Research Progress on Dolomite Improving Acidified Farmland Soil
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摘要:
针对我国农田土壤酸化问题日益凸显的现状，本文系统阐述了白云石作为一种碱性碳酸盐矿物材料在土壤改良中的重要作用。通过深入剖析白云石的改良机制，研究发现其能够通过酸碱中和及沉淀作用显著提升土壤pH值，有效降低有毒重金属离子的活性，并改善土壤养分的有效性。此外，白云石还对土壤微生物群落结构产生了显著的正面影响，进一步促进了土壤生态系统的健康与平衡。值得关注的是，白云石的应用还显著降低了酸化土壤的温室气体排放强度，为农田生态系统的碳氮循环调控提供了新的思路。经济效益分析表明，白云石作为一种经济高效、环境友好的土壤改良剂，具有巨大的应用潜力和市场前景。未来研究可进一步探索白云石与其他改良剂的协同作用，以及在不同土壤类型和作物种植体系中的应用策略，以期为农业生产提供更为精准和高效的土壤改良解决方案。
Abstract:This article pertains to the field of agricultural science, with the focus on the application and effectiveness of dolomite in ameliorating acidified farmland soils. Addressing the increasingly prominent issue of soil acidification in Chinese farmlands, this study systematically elucidates the significant role played by dolomite, an alkaline carbonate mineral material, in soil improvement. Through a comprehensive analysis of dolomite's mechanisms for enhancement, the research findings demonstrate its ability to significantly increase soil pH value through acid-base neutralization and precipitation processes, effectively reduce toxic heavy metal ion activity, and enhance soil nutrient availability. Moreover, dolomite exerts a notable positive influence on the structure of soil microbial communities, thereby further promoting the health and balance of the soil ecosystem. Importantly, applying dolomite also leads to a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emission intensity from acidified soils, offering a novel approach for regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles within farmland ecosystems. Economic benefit analysis indicates that as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly soil amendment option, dolomite holds tremendous potential for practical applications and market prospects. Future research can explore synergistic effects between dolomite and other soil amendments as well as develop application strategies tailored to different types of soils and cropping systems with an aim to provide more precise and efficient solutions for improving agricultural production.
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Key words:
- Soil remediation /
- Dolomite /
- Acidified Soil /
- Crop Growth /
- Microbial Community /
- Economic Benefits
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表 1 白云石对酸化农田土壤理化性质和植物生理生化的影响
Table 1. Effect of dolomite on physicochemical properties and plant physiology and biochemistry of acidified farmland soils
试验
设计土壤
类型作物类型 用量 用法 主要应用效果 参考文献Reference 土壤理化性质 植物生理生化 田间 白浆土 玉米 500 kg/hm2 整地前撒施 3年后土壤pH值提高7.8%～12.3% 促进干物质积累，3年平均产量提高10% [32] 盆栽 红壤 玉米 0.2%～0.4% 混拌均匀 土壤pH值提高0.12～0.62个单位，交换性铝和毒害性铝分别下降70.5%～92%和40.9%～52.6% 显著提高玉米地上部、地下部的干重、鲜重及地下部的根长和根直径 [33] 田间 黄壤 烤烟 0.2 kg/m2 基肥条施 土壤pH值提高31.4%，有机碳和速效磷含量分别增加7.63%、14.30%，硝态氮减少 株高和茎围等农艺性状明显改善，长势好 [27] 田间 黄壤 烤烟 2 001 kg/hm2 基肥条施 土壤pH值显著提高1.46个单位，有机碳含量明显增加7.63%，硝态氮含量显著降低54.97% 株高、茎围和叶长等农艺性状明显改善 [28] 田间 黄砂土 柑橘 2 kg/plant 开沟深翻
条施酸碱缓冲容量提升
0.06 cmol·kg-1·pH-1脐橙果实品质显著改善 [34] 田间 汞污
染土水稻 4 500 kg/hm2 撒施 土壤pH值提高1.56%，有效汞含量降低17.86% 水稻产量增加465 kg/hm2，稻米汞含量为0.010 mg/kg [35] 田间 水稻土 水稻 2 250 kg/hm2 撒施 土壤pH值平均提升0.2个单位，有机质含量平均提升4.8%，有效态镉含量降低54% 每穗实粒数、结实率和理论产量提高，稻米镉含量下降72% [36] 田间 红壤 三华李 900～
1 800 kg/hm2沿树冠滴水线挖环形施肥沟 土壤pH值提高0.03-0.42个单位，交换性镁含量提高0.06-0.88 mg/kg 每亩地产量提高192.90～363.60 kg，
未出现黄化缺镁症状[20] 田间 茶园
土壤茶树 300 kg/hm2 行间均匀
撒施连续两年施用后，土壤pH值平均提高0.94个单位，交换性钙镁离子含量显著提升 - [37] 田间 红壤 茶树 375～2 250 kg/hm2 撒施后旋耕深翻 0～20和20～40 cm土层土壤pH值最高可分别增加0.80和0.33个单位，0～20 cm土层土壤交换性H+和Al3+最多可减少40.13%和39.85% 茶叶中水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚和氨基酸等品质状况显著改善，产量增加 [38] 田间 沙壤 百香果 3 000 kg/hm2 基肥撒施 土壤pH值提高0.47个单位， 旺果期，植株叶片未出现缺镁症状，果实正常，每亩增产111.2 kg [19] 盆栽 赤红壤 荔枝 2 g/kg 混拌均匀 土壤pH值显著提高1.65个单位；土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量显著降低；有效钙含量显著提高；土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著降低 荔枝的茎粗、叶片数增加，叶面积和生物量分别增加9.70%和31.09% [39] 田间 赤红壤 甘蔗 6 000 kg/hm2 种植前撒施 土壤pH值提高0.85个单位，土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁的含量分别提高11.2、68.2、46.0、2156、775.2 mg/kg 甘蔗各部位养分含量提高，产量提高32.71 t/hm2，
产糖量提高7.27 t/hm2[40] 大棚 乌泥田 黄瓜 1 500 kg/hm2 随翻耕整地施用 土壤pH值提升0.46个单位。土壤有效Pb含量显著降低21.65% 黄瓜总Pb含量显著降低87.59% [41] 田间 黄红壤 第1-6季：小麦、红豆、油菜、玉米、油菜、黄豆 600～2 500 kg/hm2 第1季小麦播种前基施，此后
不施第1季小麦收获后，土壤pH值提升0.47-0.83个单位，交换性铝含量下降60.9%-92.8%，交换性钙和镁的含量分别较对照提高1～5倍。此降酸作用可维持3～6季作物以上 第1～6季作物分别增产10.8%～13.4%、21.5%～48.6%、9.4%～16.2%、10.9%～44.6%、7.9%～22.0%、6.6%～29.8% [42] 盆栽 砂土 菜豆 3 000 kg/hm2 混拌 土壤pH值显著升高0.46个单位；土壤净硝化量显著增加2.42 mg/kg；土壤透水性显著降低；脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性显著增加 - [24] 土培 老成土 - 1～2 g/kg 混拌 土壤pH值随白云石施用量的增加而增加，在第52天时达到最高值7.36 - [43] 苗圃 45%砂粒
49%粉粒
6%黏粒欧洲山毛榉、夏栎 2 200 kg/hm2 撒施 试验第一年，欧洲山毛榉和夏栎地块土壤pH值分别升高0.15、0.32个单位，第二年时分别升高0.30、0.38个单位；土壤酶活性总体上增强 两年内，欧洲山毛榉和夏栎中N、Mg、K、P平均含量增加，Mn含量显著降低 [44] 注：主要应用效果的数据是与未施用任何改良剂的对照处理进行比较得出的。 
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表 2 白云石对酸化农田土壤微生物活性的影响
Table 2. Effect of dolomite on microbial activity of acidified farmland soils
试验设计 土壤类型 作物 用量 用法 土壤微生物活性 参考文献 田间 黄壤 烤烟 0.2 kg/m2 基肥条施 细菌丰度增加37.1%；α多样性显著提高；细菌群落组成改变，尤以变形菌门相对丰度增幅最大 [27] 田间 黄壤 烤烟 2 001 kg/hm2 基肥条施 土壤固氮菌nifH基因丰度显著提高3.32倍；α多样性显著提高；固氮菌群落结构显著改变，其中放线菌门和蓝藻门相对丰度，以及慢生根瘤菌属相对丰度显著提高 [28] 3年田间定位 黄棕壤 烤烟 1 950 kg/hm2 翻耕前撒施 显著提高土壤细菌和放线菌数量，降低土壤真菌数量 [52] 盆栽 砂土 菜豆 3 000 kg/hm2 混拌 土壤细菌数量显著增加21.21%，而土壤真菌数量显著降低22.39% [24] 苗圃 砂壤 杉树 4 000 kg/hm2 撒施 微生物群落结构显著改变，担子菌门相对丰度提高1.7倍，成为优势类群，而被孢霉门相对丰富降低26% [53] 苗圃 冲积土 毛果杨 0.2% 大桶内与表土混匀 增加土壤渗滤液中耐铜菌比例，丰富了微生物群落，使蓝藻门、变形菌门和浮霉菌门等相对丰度显著增加 [54] 田间 水稻土 水稻 750 kg/hm2 - 土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著增加，但对真菌数量的增加效果不明显 [55] 田间 矿山周边废弃地 红麻 5% - 土壤微生物活性和多样性降低，对木糖、甘露醇、苹果酸等各种土壤碳源的利用能力减弱 [56] 注：主要应用效果的数据是与未施用任何改良剂的对照处理进行比较得出的。
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