DEM Geomorphological Features and Topographical Factor Analysis of Ion Adsorption Rare Earth Deposits in South China
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摘要: 稀土是重要的战略资源，全球90%以上的重稀土蕴藏在我国南岭花岗岩风化壳稀土矿床内，如何快速实现花岗岩风化壳型（也称离子吸附型）稀土找矿技术的突破是目前面临的难题。近年来随着遥感技术的快速发展，利用遥感数据的空间特征、光谱特征和纹理特征，结合地质背景、成矿母岩、气候和地形地貌等分析离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿条件已成为该类矿产勘查的有效手段。本文在利用华南地区DEM数据提取高程因子及坡度、坡形、地表粗糙度等派生因子的基础上，分析研究地形地貌特征对离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿的影响。研究结果表明：离子吸附型稀土矿床（点）分布于高程<500 m、坡度15° ~ 25°、地形起伏度0 ~ 30 m、地表切割深度10 ~ 50 m、地形特征为山顶或山脊等有利于风化作用形成风化壳的地区，这些地形地貌特征对于离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿具有明显的约束和控制作用。Abstract: Rare earths are important strategic resources, and more than 90% of the world's heavy rare earths are contained in the granite weathering crust rare earth deposits in the South Ridge of China, how to quickly realize the breakthrough of granite weathering crust type（also called ion adsorption type）rare earth finding technology is the current challenge. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology in recent years, the analysis of mineralization conditions of ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits by using spatial, spectral and textural characteristics of remote sensing data, combined with geological background, ore-forming parent rocks, climate and topography has become an effective tool for this type of mineral exploration. In this paper, the influence of topographic and geomorphological features on the mineralization of ion-adsorption rare earth deposits is analyzed and studied based on the extraction of elevation factors and derived factors such as slope, slope shape and surface roughness using DEM data in South China. The results show that ion-adsorption rare earth deposits（sites）are distributed in areas with elevation <500 m, slope 15° ~ 25° , topographic relief 0-30 m, surface cut depth 10 ~ 50 m, and topographic features such as hilltops or ridges, which are conducive to the formation of weathering crusts by weathering, and these topographic features have obvious constraining and controlling effects on ion-adsorption rare earth deposit mineralization.
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