Remote Sensing Interpretation of Alteration Anomaly Based on Fractal Theory: A Case Study of Yangshan County, Guangdong Province
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摘要: 围岩蚀变异常是热液型矿床的重要找矿标志，运用遥感技术解译提取围岩蚀变信息是辅助地质找矿的重要手段。本文采用主成分分析法提取广东阳山地区Landsat-5 的TM遥感影像中铁染和泥化蚀变信息，对影像中所提取的异常主成分进行“像元-面积”划分并统计像元个数，再将异常阈值进行分形非线性划分，得到更为精准的分级方法。门限法是基于突变点选择阈值进行等级划分，在提取蚀变异常的结果中往往会包含大量的背景信息，利用分形理论确定临界值进行分级减少了这些信息的影响。本次研究通过门限法和分形方法两种划分方法对研究区的蚀变异常进行对比，最后根据研究区蚀变异常信息的分形特征，利用求和方法对研究区的铁染和泥化蚀变异常信息进行分级。结果表明，相对于门限法，在遥感蚀变信息提取中分形方法加强了阈值选取的准确度，并发现研究区泥化蚀变与铁染蚀变主要分布于北东部及北部区域，其它区域小面积离散分布，这可为矿产勘查工作提供更好的技术支撑。Abstract: The abnormal information of wall rock alteration is an important prospecting indicator for hydrothermal deposits. The interpretation of wall rock alteration information by remote sensing technology is an important method to extract alteration information. This article used principal component analysis to extract iron contamination and mud alteration information from Landsat-5 TM remote sensing images in the Yangshan area of Guangdong Province. The abnormal principal components extracted from the images were divided into "pixel-area" and the number of pixels was counted. Then, the abnormal threshold was divided into fractal nonlinear divisions to achieve a more accurate classification method. The threshold method is based on the mutation point selection threshold for grading. The results of extracting alteration anomalies often contain a large amount of background information, impact of which was reduced by using the fractal theory to determine the critical value for grading. This study compared threshold method with fractal method used in the alteration anomalies in the study area . Finally, based on the fractal characteristics of the alteration anomaly information, the summation method was used to classify the iron staining and mud alteration anomaly information in the study area. The results show that compared with the threshold method, the fractal method enhances the accuracy of threshold selection in the extraction of remote sensing alteration information. It is found that the mud alteration and iron staining alteration in the study area are mainly distributed in the northeastern and northern regions, and are scattered in a small area in other regions, which provides better technical support and data support for mineral exploration.
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