热液蚀变与元素迁移：以广西摩天岭北部高芒铀矿化为例

叶凡琛; 王凯兴

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0013.2024.04.005

热液蚀变与元素迁移：以广西摩天岭北部高芒铀矿化为例

叶凡琛,
王凯兴^,

东华理工大学，江西南昌 330013

基金项目: 中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金项目（2023NRE-LH-01）、中国核工业地质局高校科研攻关项目（201619）、东华理工大学研究生创新专项资金项目（DHYC-202408）

详细信息

作者简介: 叶凡琛（1998—），男，硕士研究生，地质学专业，E-mail：yefanchen@ecut.edu.cn

通讯作者: 王凯兴（1985—），男，副教授，主要从事矿产普查与勘探研究，E-mail：xy2gmo02@ecut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P595；P614

收稿日期: 2024-10-31

修回日期: 2024-11-16

刊出日期: 2024-12-20

Hydrothermal Alteration and Element Migration: Taking the Gaomang Area in the North Motianling as an Example

YE Fan-Chen,
WANG Kai-Xing^,

East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Kai-Xing, xy2gmo02@ecut.edu.cn

Received Date: 31 October 2024

Revised Date: 16 November 2024

Publish Date: 20 December 2024

摘要

摘要:
广西摩天岭北缘高芒地区近年发现多处铀矿化，其分布与围岩蚀变类型及强度具有一定的联系。利用质量平衡计算方法对该地区的新鲜花岗岩、蚀变岩石和矿化岩石的主量、微量元素进行分析，探讨各蚀变带的元素地球化学特征和迁移规律。结果表明，高芒铀矿点成矿物质主要来源于赋矿围岩摩天岭花岗岩体，硅化作用贯穿了整个热液蚀变过程，矿化类型为硅质脉-沥青铀矿型。Eu在矿化中心带大量迁入，说明成矿流体性质相对偏氧化，为U的萃取和富集提供了有利条件。绿泥石化、赤铁矿化和黄铁矿化蚀变促进了成矿元素的聚集。微量元素Li、Be、Cu、Mo、Cs的迁移规律与U相似，暗示它们与U成矿关系密切，可以作为在高芒地区寻找铀矿化的指示标志。本研究为今后在摩天岭地区的铀矿找矿勘查工作提供了一定的依据。
- 铀矿化 /
- 热液蚀变 /
- 元素迁移 /
- 质量平衡 /
- 摩天岭
Abstract:
In recent years, multiple uranium mineralizations have been discovered in the Gaomang area on the northern margin of Motianling, Guangxi, the distribution of which has a certain connection with the types and intensities of surrounding rock alterations. The major and trace elements of fresh granite, altered rocks and mineralized rocks in this area were analyzed by using the mass balance calculation method to explore the geochemical characteristics and migration laws of elements in each alteration zone. The results show that the metallogenic materials of the Gaomang uranium deposit mainly originate from the Motianling granite body of the hosting rock. Silicification runs through the entire hydrothermal alteration process, and the mineralization type is siliceous vein - pitchblende type. The large amount of Eu immigration in the mineralization center zone indicates that the nature of the ore-forming fluid is relatively oxidized, providing favorable conditions for the extraction and enrichment of U. The alterations of chloritization, hematitization and pyritization promote the accumulation of metallogenic elements. The migration laws of trace elements such as Li, Be, Cu, Mo and Cs are similar to that of U, suggesting that they are closely related to U mineralization and can be used as indicator signs for the search of uranium mineralization in the Gaomang area. This study provides a certain basis for the future uranium prospecting and exploration in the Motianling area.
- uranium mineralization /
- hydrothermal alteration /
- element migration /
- mass balance /
- Motianling

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图 1 摩天岭大地构造位置简图

Figure 1.

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图 2 摩天岭区域地质简图

Figure 2.

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图 3 高芒地区地质简图

Figure 3.

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图 4 高芒铀矿化点围岩及矿石手标本及镜下特征

Figure 4.

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图 5 高芒地区新鲜花岗岩、蚀变过渡带岩石、矿化中心带岩石微量元素蛛网图

Figure 5.

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图 6 高芒地区新鲜花岗岩、蚀变过渡带岩石、矿化中心带岩石稀土元素配分曲线

Figure 6.

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图 7 高芒地区样品Zr-TiO₂相关性图解

Figure 7.

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图 8 高芒地区样品主量、微量和稀土元素标准化Isocon图解

Figure 8.

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表 1 高芒地区样品主量元素分析测试结果（wt.%）

Table 1. Test results (wt.%) of major elements analysis of samples in Gaomang area

	样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	Fe₂O₃	LOI	Total
新鲜花岗岩	23GM37-4-01	76.27	0.08	13.24	0.03	0.29	0.31	3.08	3.68	0.14	1.05	1.47	99.65
	23GM37-4-03	75.23	0.12	13.52	0.03	0.33	0.34	2.40	4.88	0.15	1.62	1.35	99.97
	23GM37-4-04	75.43	0.08	13.21	0.03	0.19	0.46	2.67	5.05	0.12	1.44	1.28	99.96
	BMyp-1	77.08	0.14	11.37	0.03	0.35	0.06	0.11	5.60	0.08	3.18	1.28	99.28
	LK3407Y4H1	75.81	0.07	13.14	0.04	0.08	0.35	2.87	5.67	0.21	0.72	0.82	99.77
	P1Y4H1	74.87	0.08	13.16	0.06	0.15	0.12	2.02	5.54	0.10	1.59	1.88	99.57
	P3Y1H1	76.25	0.07	12.29	0.05	0.15	0.17	2.17	5.98	0.08	1.41	1.07	99.69
	ZK49-1YP3	75.23	0.12	12.58	0.09	0.25	0.55	2.41	4.80	0.14	1.90	1.01	99.07
	ZK49-1YP5	74.97	0.09	13.00	0.07	0.20	0.55	2.70	5.12	0.13	1.63	0.83	99.29
	ZKG0-1YP5	77.92	0.10	11.53	0.08	0.35	0.39	3.27	3.48	0.12	1.44	0.80	99.49
蚀变过渡带	23GM37-4-02	77.37	0.09	14.45	0.01	0.34	0.20	0.04	1.91	0.15	0.88	3.82	99.26
	23GM37-4-05	75.65	0.07	13.04	0.02	0.27	0.37	1.84	5.55	0.13	1.14	1.30	99.37
	23GM37-4-06	81.24	0.05	9.53	0.02	0.84	0.22	0.02	1.28	0.10	3.00	3.13	99.43
	23GM37-4-07	75.70	0.09	12.42	0.03	0.41	0.83	0.34	5.59	0.12	1.52	2.80	99.85
	BT611-3	84.26	0.07	8.44	0.05	0.27	0.10	0.16	0.46	0.10	0.77	1.84	96.53
	YP-223y-5	72.98	0.07	13.19	0.06	0.61	0.66	2.50	5.71	0.13	2.35	1.04	99.29
矿化中心带	BT612-2	77.61	0.08	11.56	0.03	0.67	0.25	0.13	1.55	0.25	1.87	1.59	95.59
	ZK49-1YPU1	86.33	0.06	6.41	0.06	0.39	0.10	0.05	2.48	0.05	1.62	1.60	99.16
	ZK49-1YPU2	87.93	0.05	5.74	0.07	0.43	0.09	0.02	1.87	0.05	1.46	1.47	99.17
	ZK49-2YPU1	85.44	0.03	6.14	0.07	0.32	0.19	0.83	1.40	0.08	2.80	1.74	99.05
	ZKG0-1YPU1	78.40	0.08	11.22	0.06	0.75	0.46	1.41	4.08	0.12	1.56	0.93	99.07
	ZKG0-1YPU3	77.53	0.10	11.35	0.06	0.71	0.74	1.08	4.00	0.13	1.50	1.36	98.56

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表 2 高芒地区样品微量元素测试分析结果（×10⁻⁶）

Table 2. Test results (×10⁻⁶) of trace elements of samples in Gaomang area

	样品号	Li	Be	Sc	V	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Cs	Ba	Hf	Ta	U	Th	Pb	Th/U
新鲜花岗岩	23GM37-4-01	18.11	1.94	1.8	3.01	0.94	1.26	14.42	34.95	12.84	251.26	20.19	22.31	78.1	10.76	0.49	11.81	61.46	2.98	2.01	13.37	12.31	18.17	0.92
	23GM37-4-03	13.53	1.87	2.56	7.21	1.52	2.49	9.36	31.37	14.93	326.67	25.6	26.05	84.6	10.26	0.61	11.26	85.2	3.02	1.78	10.35	13.37	27.27	1.29
	23GM37-4-04	11.42	2.39	1.47	3.03	1.11	2.55	15.32	32.77	11.93	335.27	17.07	21.67	83.35	9.51	0.44	12.11	30.79	3.1	1.93	11.45	11.49	22.89	1
	BMyp-1	52.8	0.99	3.44	18.8	15.3	5.09	13.7	39.5	16.1	313	27.5	29.8	127	9.12	0.51	11.1	229	4.71	1.51	33	12.6	22.1	0.38
	LK3407Y4H1	6.73	1.04	3.8	7.52	1	1.76	5.01	32.4	16.4	487	7.34	16.4	77.1	16.3	0.71	16.1	36.7	16.3	3.72	15.5	13.6	21.1	0.88
	P1Y4H1	14.7	2.65	4.07	39.2	1.53	4	9.14	34.8	16.7	399	13.4	26.3	82.6	8.5	4.03	13.2	101	8.5	4.14	36	12.8	27.2	0.36
	P3Y1H1	12.3	2.11	2.62	9.5	1.68	1.26	11.6	29.5	14	350	11.6	24	75.4	3.6	1.06	9.87	32.8	3.6	3.92	27.9	10.9	78	0.39
	ZK49-1YP3	22.5	2.39	4.43	7.86	2.2	2.79	21	54.6	18.1	417	17.3	30.2	96.2	4.5	0.93	19.4	65.4	4.5	1.8	18.4	15.7	23.5	0.85
	ZK49-1YP5	23.4	3.27	3.97	3.47	1.48	1.54	13.1	50.2	17.5	427	15	24.8	90	4.4	0.84	20.1	45	4.4	1.97	47.8	14	24.8	0.29
	ZKG0-1YP5	5.47	1.3	3.16	6.6	1.68	2.58	10.6	38.2	14.6	210	35.7	28.4	92.7	4	1.11	3.36	72.2	4	0.85	20.4	13.3	19.7	0.65
蚀变过渡带	23GM37-4-02	36.63	1.28	1.82	2.96	0.47	1.04	8.15	22.43	13.66	183.13	7.74	21.12	77.24	10.71	0.14	10.77	31.86	3.04	2.21	11.15	13.59	8.38	1.22
	23GM37-4-05	21.9	1.6	2.2	2.84	0.8	0.58	23.15	17.53	13.29	346.4	24.57	18.58	84.25	8.15	1.25	11.94	116.11	3.18	1.69	16.78	13.84	22.74	0.82
	23GM37-4-06	83.28	2.23	2.98	1.19	9.74	14.07	14.93	113.52	11.82	127.11	24.73	22.92	57.04	7.6	0.15	21.04	28.35	2.31	1.99	17.6	10.21	10.56	0.58
	23GM37-4-07	32.36	1.8	2.81	4.2	1.28	2.73	7.58	40.8	14.05	347.64	39.23	28.72	79.05	8.18	0.27	13.85	85.95	2.95	1.69	23.12	14.53	32.1	0.63
	BT611-3	10.3	2.06	4.07	13.1	1.05	2.01	6.72	12	11.8	39.9	14.8	38.2	72.1	3.6	1.39	5.33	87.6	3.6	0	382	9.67	21.1	0.03
	YP-223y-5	29.4	3.98	3.67	8.07	13.1	3.58	7.1	20.7	18.4	402	21.2	19.5	84.2	9.77	0.5	40.8	74	3.79	2.58	155	10.2	42.7	0.07
矿化中心带	BT612-2	12.6	1.45	3.33	7.02	1.49	3.33	40	23.4	14.8	113	23	19	89.1	4.2	0.44	7.32	93.5	4.2	0	1131	13.6	8.6	0.01
	ZK49-1YPU1	48	3.02	1.71	5.43	1.97	2.27	97.7	30.3	11.7	280	10.3	12.6	57.5	4	1.99	25.2	51.7	4	1.54	592	8.23	16	0.01
	ZK49-1YPU2	44.2	3.53	1.54	6.07	2.51	2.24	99.8	28.1	11.8	266	8.07	20.1	54.1	3.8	1.35	24.5	31.3	3.8	1.49	575	7.35	13.5	0.01
	ZK49-2YPU1	24.3	2	1.29	3.25	11.8	3.08	10.9	18.8	7.69	155	8.62	27.4	49.4	3.1	1.54	22.5	38.4	3.1	0.61	753	8.01	19.7	0.01
	ZKG0-1YPU1	8.52	1.15	2.88	8.34	2.29	2.45	16	28.8	13.5	92.5	36.3	30.4	78.9	4.1	1.01	2.63	101	4.1	0.31	799	13	72.8	0.02
	ZKG0-1YPU3	46.2	1.76	3.51	7.34	2.93	2.68	26.3	22.4	13.8	73.6	52.7	43.5	96.9	4.3	0.8	4.44	75.3	4.3	0.25	1470	19.5	129	0.01

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表 3 高芒地区样品稀土元素测试分析结果（×10⁻⁶）和特征参数

Table 3. Test results (×10⁻⁶) and characteristic parameters of rare earth elements of samples in Gaomang area

	样品号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	∑REE	∑LREE/ ∑HREE	(La/ Yb)_N	δEu	δCe
新鲜花岗岩	23GM37-4-01	10.02	24.55	2.60	9.55	2.71	0.10	2.94	0.68	4.25	0.79	2.09	0.31	1.92	0.25	62.75	3.75	3.75	0.11	1.15
	23GM37-4-03	12.27	29.12	3.20	11.95	3.45	0.17	3.47	0.77	4.70	0.89	2.34	0.36	2.20	0.28	75.18	4.01	4.01	0.15	1.11
	23GM37-4-04	8.71	23.09	2.33	8.66	2.48	0.08	2.74	0.63	4.00	0.77	2.04	0.30	1.84	0.23	57.89	3.61	3.39	0.09	1.23
	BMyp-1	26.80	48.30	5.84	20.90	4.47	0.31	4.02	0.84	5.41	0.97	2.85	0.45	2.77	0.41	124.34	6.02	6.94	0.22	0.90
	LK3407Y4H1	8.25	19.90	2.35	7.77	2.61	0.08	2.71	0.57	3.31	0.57	1.50	0.22	1.42	0.17	51.43	3.91	4.17	0.09	1.09
	P1Y4H1	9.94	23.10	2.69	9.16	3.00	0.14	3.38	0.73	4.70	0.94	2.77	0.43	2.81	0.38	64.17	2.98	2.54	0.13	1.07
	P3Y1H1	8.59	20.70	2.51	8.21	2.62	0.13	3.00	0.64	4.35	0.90	2.68	0.40	2.59	0.35	57.67	2.87	2.38	0.14	1.08
	ZK49-1YP3	11.80	28.60	3.33	11.70	3.63	0.14	4.07	0.92	5.73	1.11	2.91	0.43	2.67	0.36	77.40	3.25	3.17	0.11	1.10
	ZK49-1YP5	9.98	25.40	2.97	10.50	3.56	0.12	4.07	0.87	5.10	0.94	2.34	0.33	2.00	0.28	68.46	3.30	3.58	0.10	1.13
	ZKG0-1YP5	9.46	23.00	2.79	9.87	3.30	0.16	3.84	0.90	5.48	1.05	2.65	0.35	2.02	0.26	65.13	2.94	3.36	0.14	1.08
	平均值															70.44	3.66	3.73	0.13	1.10
蚀变过渡带	23GM37-4-02	11.45	28.75	3.02	11.09	3.11	0.11	3.05	0.66	3.95	0.74	1.88	0.28	1.61	0.20	69.91	4.65	5.09	0.11	1.17
	23GM37-4-05	6.04	14.71	1.67	6.27	1.96	0.08	2.23	0.53	3.39	0.63	1.71	0.26	1.59	0.20	41.29	2.91	2.72	0.12	1.12
	23GM37-4-06	6.26	14.31	1.66	6.09	1.90	0.13	2.30	0.55	3.72	0.72	2.03	0.33	2.21	0.29	42.49	2.50	2.03	0.19	1.07
	23GM37-4-07	10.14	23.71	2.83	10.85	3.17	0.15	3.45	0.75	4.97	0.96	2.62	0.41	2.59	0.33	66.92	3.16	2.81	0.13	1.07
	BT611-3	17.10	39.50	6.16	29.00	10.60	1.91	10.60	2.12	11.20	1.83	3.98	0.55	2.84	0.33	137.72	3.12	4.32	0.55	0.94
	YP-223y-5	7.77	17.60	2.15	7.97	2.58	0.17	2.39	0.60	3.82	0.69	2.01	0.33	2.14	0.28	50.50	3.12	2.60	0.20	1.04
	平均值															69.58	3.51	3.55	0.16	1.09
矿化中心带	BT612-2	11.30	20.80	2.85	10.80	2.63	0.35	2.65	0.54	3.31	0.68	1.69	0.25	1.31	0.16	59.32	4.60	6.18	0.40	0.88
	ZK49-1YPU1	2.81	7.31	0.94	3.50	1.40	0.09	1.64	0.40	2.64	0.52	1.39	0.21	1.34	0.19	24.38	1.93	1.50	0.18	1.10
	ZK49-1YPU2	2.81	7.55	0.99	3.90	1.80	0.12	2.42	0.67	4.30	0.84	2.24	0.32	2.00	0.26	30.22	1.32	1.01	0.18	1.11
	ZK49-2YPU1	3.92	10.20	1.28	4.96	2.17	0.16	3.22	0.80	5.23	1.07	2.91	0.42	2.55	0.34	39.23	1.37	1.10	0.18	1.11
	ZKG0-1YPU1	7.55	19.30	2.37	8.89	3.53	0.40	4.20	1.03	6.24	1.14	2.77	0.38	2.08	0.26	60.14	2.32	2.60	0.32	1.11
	ZKG0-1YPU3	11.70	30.40	3.76	14.40	5.70	0.69	6.63	1.47	8.69	1.60	3.78	0.51	2.77	0.35	92.45	2.58	3.03	0.34	1.12
	平均值															50.96	2.35	2.57	0.27	1.07

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表 4 高芒地区主量、微量元素组分在蚀变过渡带和矿化中心带的迁移率（%）

Table 4. Mobility of major and trace element components (%) in altered transition zone and mineralized central zone of Gaomang area

	蚀变过渡带						矿化中心带
	23GM37-4-02	23GM37-4-05	23GM37-4-06	23GM37-4-07	BT611- 3	YP-223y-5	BT612- 2	ZK49-1YPU1	ZK49-1YPU2	ZK49-2YPU1	ZKG0-1YPU1	ZKG0-1YPU3
SiO₂	17	5	66	12	37	1	2	75	90	102	16	−6
Al₂O₃	31	8	17	10	−18	9	−9	−22	−26	−13	−1	−18
MnO	−79	−68	−53	−28	20	21	−34	85	123	144	26	2
MgO	69	23	463	98	43	176	185	160	204	149	259	178
CaO	−30	17	4	181	−62	109	−25	−53	−58	3	58	105
Na₂O	−98	−18	−98	−84	−92	11	−95	−97	−99	−37	−33	−58
K₂O	−56	17	−60	26	−89	21	−69	−23	−38	−50	−8	−26
P₂O₅	31	6	22	2	0	8	94	−36	−41	11	5	−4
Fe₂O₃	−37	−25	192	7	−41	55	16	56	50	215	10	−14
Li	133	27	616	101	−30	71	−31	309	300	141	−47	134
Be	−26	−16	74	1	27	110	−28	134	190	80	−35	−19
Sc	−33	−26	48	1	60	23	6	−16	−19	−26	3	3
V	−68	−72	−83	−56	52	−20	−34	−21	−6	−45	−12	−37
Co	−81	−70	433	−50	−55	385	−48	7	45	645	−9	−6
Ni	−53	−76	764	21	−2	49	31	38	45	118	9	−3
Cu	−24	98	88	−31	−33	−39	223	1123	1228	59	46	95
Zn	−32	−51	367	21	−61	−42	−38	24	22	−11	−14	−46
Ga	2	−9	20	3	−5	27	−4	18	26	−10	−1	−17
Rb	−40	4	−44	11	−86	20	−68	23	24	−21	−70	−81
Sr	−53	36	102	131	−5	17	20	−17	−31	−19	114	153
Y	−3	−22	43	29	88	−18	−24	−22	32	97	37	59
Nb	52	6	46	13	−45	27	−48	−24	−23	−31	−43	−51
Mo	−85	22	−78	−71	59	−51	−59	186	106	158	6	−32
Cs	−4	−2	155	21	−49	235	−43	203	213	215	−77	−68
Ba	−52	61	−42	27	42	3	23	5	−32	−9	49	−9
Hf	−37	−39	−35	−40	−20	−28	−24	12	13	1	−16	−29
Ta	7	−25	31	−20	0	15	0	1	3	−54	−85	−90
U	−45	−25	17	11	1907	597	4708	3800	3926	5674	3736	5646
Th	20	12	22	25	−9	−17	4	−2	−7	11	12	37
Pb	−66	−16	−42	27	−9	58	−70	−13	−22	24	187	315

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表 5 高芒地区稀土元素组分在蚀变过渡带和矿化中心带的迁移率（%）

Table 5. Mobility of rare earth element components (%) in altered transition zone and mineralized central zone of Gaomang area

	蚀变过渡带						矿化中心带
	23GM37-4-02	23GM37-4-05	23GM37-4-06	23GM37-4-07	23GM37-4-08	YP-223y-5	BT612- 2	ZK49-1YPU1	ZK49-1YPU2	ZK49-2YPU1	ZKG0-1YPU1	ZKG0-1YPU3
La	14	−45	−16	−2	82	−29	−3	−63	−60	−39	−27	−8
Ce	24	−42	−16	0	83	−30	−22	−58	−53	−31	−18	5
Pr	13	−43	−16	4	148	−26	−7	−53	−47	−25	−13	12
Nd	18	−39	−13	12	230	−22	−1	−50	−41	−18	−8	22
Sm	12	−35	−7	12	310	−15	−18	−32	−7	22	25	64
Eu	−14	−38	37	13	1532	24	142	−4	37	99	212	339
Gd	2	−31	4	13	281	−26	−23	−26	16	69	38	77
Tb	0	−26	13	12	245	−17	−29	−18	45	90	53	78
Dy	−4	−24	23	19	193	−14	−30	−13	50	100	49	69
Ho	−5	−25	25	20	152	−19	−24	−10	54	115	44	64
Er	−11	−25	30	22	103	−12	−30	−11	52	116	29	43
Tm	−11	−25	45	27	89	−2	−31	−10	46	110	19	30
Yb	−17	−25	55	31	57	1	−41	−7	47	106	5	14
Lu	−21	−28	50	25	37	1	−46	−1	44	106	−1	8

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