Characterization and Calculation of Permeability in Low-permeability Shale Reservoirs
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摘要:
针对达西公式折算的渗透率无法准确表征特低渗页岩储层渗透性的问题，本文应用微圆管与真实页岩岩心开展流动（渗流）实验，测定了不同渗流速度下渗透率的变化，基于气体在微管中的微尺度效应，对克氏渗透率计算公式进行了改进。结果表明页岩特低渗储层单相流体的渗透率并不是一个常数，而是存在微尺度流动效应，随流速（压力）的增加呈非线性增加，当流速（压力）增至某一特定值时趋于稳定。由改进的渗透率模型计算的实际岩心在各个压力点下的绝对渗透率值误差均在5％以内，反映该模型在表征特低渗储层渗透性上的显著优势。
Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the permeability calculated by Darcy's formula cannot accurately characterize the permeability of extra-low-permeability shale reservoir, this paper carried out the micro-circular tubes and real shale cores to determine the change of permeability under different flow rates, and improves the Klinkenberg formula of calculating permeability based on the micro-scale effect of gases in the micro-circular tubes. The results show that the permeability of single-phase fluids in extra-low permeability shale reservoirs is not constant due to microscale flow effect, which increases nonlinearly with the increase of flow rate (pressure) and tends to be stabilized when the flow rate (pressure) is increased to a specific value. The absolute permeability values of the actual cores calculated by the improved permeability formula at several pressure points have less than 5% margin of error, reflecting the significant advantage of the method in characterizing the permeability of the extra-low permeability reservoir.
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Key words:
- shale reservoirs /
- extra-low permeability /
- micro-circular tubes /
- Klinkenberg equation
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表 1 涪陵页岩气田志留系页岩岩心物性参数表
Table 1. Petrophysical parameters of Silurian shale cores from the Fuling Shale Gas Field
岩心编号 绝对渗透率（×10−3 μm2） 孔隙度（%） JY-2 0.0411 5.8 JY-3 0.033 5.0 JY-4 0.0455 5.9 JY-5 0.1081 7.0 JY-6 0.1136 7.2 JY-7 0.465 7.5 JY-8 0.9951 7.9 
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表 2 岩心JY-5在不同压力区间内用Klinkenberg校正法求得的绝对渗透率
Table 2. Absolute permeability of core JY-5 at different pressure intervals using the Klinkenberg correction method
入口绝对压力（MPa） 0.131 ~ 0.233 0.131 ~ 0.331 0.131 ~ 0.611 0.233 ~ 0.711 0.85 ~ 1.1 绝对渗透率
（×10−3 μm2）−0.077 −0.011 0.0469 0.0988 0.11
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表 3 岩心样品JY-2和JY-8由公式15（单点稳态法）及公式5计算绝对渗透率值及计算误差对比
Table 3. Comparison of absolute permeability values and calculation errors for core samples JY-2 and JY-8 derived from Equation 15 (single-point steady-state method) and Equation 5
岩心
样号入口绝对
压力（MPa）克努森数
Kn实验气测
渗透率值（mD）公式15计算的
绝对渗透率（mD）公式15计算的
误差（%）公式5计算的
绝对渗透率（mD）公式5计算的
误差（%）JY-2 0.138 0.285 0.124 0.043 4.6 0.046 10.65 0.221 0.212 0.091 0.039 5.0 0.048 16.7 0.341 0.154 0.074 0.040 2.7 0.054 31.4 0.471 0.119 0.065 0.040 2.7 0.057 38.7 0.579 0.1 0.062 0.039 5.0 0.058 41.2 0.68 0.087 0.06 0.041 0.2 0.058 41.2 0.78 0.077 0.058 0.042 2.2 0.057 38.7 0.88 0.07 0.056 0.042 2.2 0.056 36.3 0.976 0.063 0.055 0.042 2.2 0.055 34.1 JY-8 0.3497 0.110 1.16 1.0031 0.8 0.995 0.01 0.2809 0.134 1.22 1.0051 1.0 0.996 0.13 0.2092 0.185 1.32 1.0081 1.4 1.007 1.23 0.1628 0.257 1.43 1.0123 1.7 1.049 5.41 0.1271 0.398 1.58 1.0172 2.2 1.163 16.87 注：JY-2和JY-8在较高压下排除粘度变化影响计算的Klinkenberg渗透率分别为 0.0411 mD 和0.9951 mD .
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