Deep Magmatism Response to Cenozoic E–W Extension in the Southern Tibet
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摘要: 随着新生代喜马拉雅山链的崛起, 西藏南部经历了显著的东西向伸展作用, 形成一系列近南北向展布的裂谷。伴随着增厚岩石圈的对流减薄或者拆沉, 软流圈上涌, 藏南岩石圈地幔和中下地壳发生顺次部分熔融作用, 形成岩石学和地球化学特征各异的岩浆岩, 具体表现为: 1)富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融, 形成碳酸质、煌斑质和超钾质岩浆岩; 2)增厚基性下地壳部分熔融, 形成高Sr/Y 比值的花岗岩; 3)中-下地壳变沉积岩发生白云母脱水/含水部分熔融, 形成典型淡色花岗岩。这些新发现限定了藏南裂谷系的启动时限不晚于～30 Ma, 为解译世界上造山带和陆内伸展作用过程中大陆岩石圈深部熔融的精细模式提供了典型实例。Abstract: With the rise of the Himalayan chain during the Cenozoic, southern Tibet experienced significant east–west extension, forming a series of north–south trending rifts. Along with the convective thinning or delamination of the thickened lithosphere, due to asthenospheric upwelling, sequential partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and middle-lower crust induced the formation of magmatic rocks with different petrological and geochemical characteristics. First, the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle resulted in the formation of carbonatites, lamproites, and ultrapotassic rocks. Then, partial melting of the thickened basal lower-crust-derived granites with high Sr/Y ratio. Finally, the middle- and lower-crust metamorphic sedimentary rocks underwent fluid-fluxed or fluid-absent melting of muscovite, forming leucogranites. These new discoveries suggest that the initiation of the north–south trending rifts could have occurred as early as ~30 Ma and provide a typical example for interpreting the precise melting patterns of the continental lithosphere in orogenic belts and intracontinental extensional processes worldwide.
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Key words:
- silicocarbonatite /
- lamproite /
- sequential melting /
- fluid-fluxed melting /
- extension /
- Southern Tibet
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