Metallogenic Regularity, Centennial Exploration Results of Gold Deposit in China, and Suggestions for a New Round of Prospecting:Research and Compilation of “Geology of Mineral Resources of China • Gold Ore Volume”
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摘要: 中国金矿成矿地质条件优越, 成矿期次、分布和矿床类型极其复杂。中国金矿矿床类型包括2个一级类型, 6个二级类型和13个三级类型; 时间分布上, 包括以燕山期为主的7个主要成矿期, 并记录了复杂的多期复合叠加成矿作用; 在空间上, 金矿在不同构造单元具有显著的空间差异, 以与岩浆作用有关的金矿分布最为广泛, 花岗-绿岩型金矿主要分布于太古宙克拉通-元古宙变质岩分布区(华北克拉通、滨太平洋域), 产于沉积建造中的金矿床局限于黔桂滇交界、粤中地区、川西地区和秦岭地区。近年来, 随着采选冶技术的进步、市场价格的变化和深部找矿的新发现, 中国金矿勘查取得了一些突破性进展, 一方面是一些低于1 g/t的低品位金矿也能得以开发, 另一方面是1 000 m深度以下的金矿也能被陆续探明, 再一方面是斑岩型、矽卡岩型、浅成低温热液型铜多金属矿床中金的规模越来越大并得以开发利用, 形成了多个千吨级金资源基地。这些新进展新趋势, 也指明了新一轮找矿行动的方向, 既要继续寻找大型-超大型金矿床, 加强矿集区勘查与产业基地建设, 也要加强共伴生矿床中低品位金的综合回收和尾矿的综合利用。其中, 最为关键的是要突破现有思维格架, 重点聚焦非传统矿床类型、成矿期次、找矿空间。Abstract: There are superior geological conditions, extremely complex metallogenic stages, distributions and deposit types for gold in China.There are 2 first-order types, 6 second-order types and 13 third-order types for Chinese gold deposits.Temporally, 7 ore-forming periods dominated by Yanshanian stage are included, and long-term complex compound superimposed mineralization processes are recorded.Spatially, there are significant spatial differences in the distribution of gold type assemblages in different tectonic units, among which the gold deposits related to magmatism are the most widely distributed, and the granite-greenstone type gold deposits are mainly distributed in the distribution areas of Archean craton-Proterozoic metamorphic rocks (North China Craton and marginal–Pacific ocean region).Gold deposits in sedimentary formations are confined to the border of Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan, central Guangdong, western Sichuan and Qinling Mountains.Recently, with a series of advances in the technologies of mining, dressing and smelting, changes in market prices and new discoveries in deep prospecting, China has made some breakthroughs in gold exploration.Some low-grade gold deposits with grades lower than 1 g/t can be developed, and gold deposits deeper than 1 000 m can be discovered.Moreover, the scale of gold identified in porphyry, skarn and epithermal copper polymetallic deposits has become prograessively larger, and these resources could be developed and utilized, forming several thousand ton gold resource bases.These new developments and new trends provide specific directions of new round of prospecting action.It is necessary to continue to search for large to super-large scale gold deposits, strengthen the exploration of ore concentration areas and the construction of industrial bases, and also improve the comprehensive recovery of low-grade gold in associated deposits and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.Among these, the most critical involves breaking through existing ways of thinking, focusing on non-traditional deposit types, metallogenic stages, and prospecting space.
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