Geological Characteristics of Li-Be Deposit in the Southern Washixia, Xinjiang and the Indication of Apatite on Mineralization
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摘要: 新疆阿尔金地区近几年在稀有金属找矿方面取得了重大突破, 新发现了瓦石峡南、阿亚克、吐格曼、稀长沟等多个稀有金属矿床。瓦石峡南锂铍矿位于阿尔金成矿带的西段, 由新疆地质矿产局第三地质大队于2020年发现, 共圈定伟晶岩脉20余条, 含稀有金属花岗伟晶岩脉9条, 现阶段勘查和研究程度较低。本文以矿区ρ9号脉含锂花岗伟晶岩脉中的磷灰石为研究对象, 通过开展矿物学和地球化学特征分析, 探讨其对花岗伟晶岩成矿的指示作用。显微镜和背散射图像观察显示, 磷灰石可分为岩浆期和热液期两个期次。电子探针和LA-ICP-MS分析表明矿脉中磷灰石主要为氟-羟基磷灰石, 地球化学特征指示ρ9号脉含锂花岗伟晶岩源于地壳物质部分熔融, 是具有S型花岗岩特征的富磷花岗伟晶岩(平均P2O5> 0.42%的高分异过铝质花岗岩), 形成于低氧逸度的还原环境。通过探讨矿区花岗质岩浆的来源、成岩环境以及磷灰石对成矿的指示, 推测瓦石峡南ρ9号脉含锂花岗伟晶岩的富磷特征是因为富磷过铝质岩浆体系对稀有金属的富集起到了促进作用。Abstract: In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in rare metal prospecting in the Altyn Tagh of Xinjiang Province, leading to the discovery of new rare metal deposits such as southern Washixia, Ayak, Tugeman, and Xichanggou.The southern Washixia lithium-beryllium deposit is located in the western section of the Altyn Tagh metallogenic belt and was discovered by the Third Geological Brigade of the Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources in 2020.More than 20 pegmatite veins have been identified, including 9 rare metal granite pegmatite veins.At present, the level of exploration and research is relatively low.In this paper, apatite in the Li-bearing granite pegmatite vein of ρ9 in mining area is taken as the research object, and the indicative role of apatite in the mineralization of granite pegmatite is discussed through mineralogical and geochemical analysis.Through microscope and backscattered electron image observations, apatite can be divided into two stages: magmatic stage and hydrothermal stage.Electron probe and in situ LA-ICP-MS analyses confirm that the apatite in the veins is mainly fluoro-hydroxyapatite.The geochemical characteristics indicate that the ρ9 Li-bearing granite pegmatite originates from the reducing magma of partial melting of crustal materials and is a P-rich granite pegmatite (highly differentiated peraluminous granite with an average P2O5> 0.42%) with characteristics of S-type granite, formed in a reducing environment with low oxygen fugacity.By exploring the source and evolution process of granite magma in the mining area, as well as its indications for mineralization, it is speculated that the P-rich characteristics of the lithium-bearing granite pegmatite in the ρ9 vein of southern Washixia is due to the P-rich peraluminous magmatic system that promotes the enrichment of rare metals.
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Key words:
- southern Washixia /
- apatite /
- granite pegmatite /
- S-type granite
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