Various Types of Breccias and Their Implications for Deep Mineral Exploration in the Mojiang Gold Deposit, Yunnan Province
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摘要: 云南墨江金厂金镍矿是20世纪80年代勘查的大型矿床。经过四十多年的开发利用, 资源面临枯竭。通过与矿山合作勘查研究, 重新确认了角砾岩型矿石, 其金品位普遍较高, 最高达12 g/t。含金角砾岩至少有两种, 即构造角砾岩和火山角砾岩。其中, 构造角砾岩位于金厂岩体、下泥盆统金厂组与上三叠统一碗水组之间的构造推覆带; 火山角砾岩出现在滴水坎矿段露天采场和ZK74-52、ZK76-9钻孔中。构造角砾岩分布在滴水坎矿段68线和猫鼻梁子矿段94线附近, 角砾成分以粉砂岩、炭质泥岩和石英为主, 胶结物为砂泥质。火山角砾岩也发生金矿化, 角砾成分更加复杂, 包括蚀变超基性岩、灰白色硅化粉砂岩、猪肝色石英砂岩、蛇纹石和石英, 基质中出现包括撕裂状玻屑的多种火山玻屑, 发生强烈硅化和碳酸盐化蚀变。火山角砾的成分指示火山角砾岩形成于金厂岩体就位之后, 一碗水组红色砂岩成岩之前。查明角砾岩型金矿体的分布特征及其成因, 对矿山增储上产具有重要意义, 有助于矿山开拓深部找矿新空间, 打开找矿新局面。Abstract: The Mojiang gold-nickel deposit in the Yunnan Province was identified through exploration efforts in the 1980s.However, after more than forty years of development and exploitation, the resources are becoming depletion.Through exploration and research in collaboration with the mining company, new breccia-type ores have been reidentified, generally showing high gold grades, reaching up to 12 g/t.The gold-bearing breccia can be classified into at least two types: tectonic and volcanic breccia.The tectonic breccia is located in the thrust zone between the Jinchang intrusive rock, the Lower Devonian Jinchang Formation, and the Upper Triassic Yiwanshui Formation.Volcanic breccia is found in the open pit and drill holes ZK74-52 and ZK76-9 of the Dishuikan section.The breccia-type gold orebodies are distributed near line 68 of the Dishuikan section and line 94 of the Maobiliangzi section.The breccia components mainly consist of siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone, and quartz, with sandy and mudstone cement.Gold mineralization also occurs in volcanic breccia, which have more complex compositions, including ultrabasic rocks, gray-white silicified siltstones, liver-colored quartz sandstones, serpentinite, and quartz.The matrix contains a ripped-up vitroclast and plastic shard.Volcanic breccia has been strongly affected by silicification and carbonation.The breccia components indicate that the volcanic breccia formed after the emplacement of the Jinchang intrusive rock and before the diagenesis of the red sandstone of the Upper Triassic Yiwanshui Formation.Identifying the distribution characteristics and genesis of breccia-type gold orebodies is crucial for increasing the reserves and production capacity of the Mojiang deposit.It also facilitates the exploration of new deep-level mineralization and opens up new prospects for mineral exploration.
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