摘要:
以世界文化遗产客家土楼所在地福建省龙岩市永定区及其规划保护区(湖高区)为研究区,选取1988年、1996年、2002年、2009年和2014年5期Landsat 系列卫星影像,应用多分类器集成及新型遥感生态指数(remote sensing based ecological index,RSEI)获取研究区5个时期土地覆盖分类图及RSEI图,采用分类后变化检测方法获得研究区土地覆盖及生态环境变化情况.结果表明:①1988—2014年26 a间研究区土地覆盖变化明显,林地、灌木/草地、建设用地面积快速增长,耕地、退化地、开垦地面积大幅减少;②RSEI适合用于土楼遗产地生态环境评价;③2个研究区的生态质量1988—1996年间均下降,其后均呈逐年上升趋势;④从土地覆盖与生态环境的关系来看,生态质量变好区域位于坡耕地、原有中高海拔退化地及开垦地转化为林草地区域;变差区域集中在林草地转化为耕地、退化地和开垦地区域以及城镇周边扩展区域.
Abstract:
In this paper,Yongding District,where there are World Heritage Hakka Tulou and its Conservation Plan Area(Hugao region),were taken as the study area. With the purpose of analyzing the land cover and ecological environment changes in the study area from 1988 to 2014, the authors selected five Landsat images acquired in 1988,1996, 2002, 2009, 2014 respectively to generate the land cover classification maps by using multiple classifier system and the remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI)maps by using RSEI. The change of land cover and ecological environment in the study area was obtained by the method of post classification change detection. Some conclusions have been reached:① The land cover of the study area significantly changed during the 26 years from 1988 to 2014,and the forest,shrub and grassland and built-up land increased rapidly, while farmland,degraded land and cultivation land decreased considerably;②RSEI is suitable for the evaluation of the ecological environment of the World Heritage Hakka Tulou;③The overall ecological quality of the two study areas improved year by year except for the period of 1988―1996; ④ The relationship between the land cover and the ecological environment revealed that the ecological quality improved in the degraded land at high -altitude,the slope farmland which was converted into the forest land, shrub and grassland, and became worse in the area of forest, shrub and grassland land which degraded into the area of farmland, the degraded land and the reclaimed land as well as the expansion area surrounding the urban district.
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