Temporal-spatial evolutionary characteristics of ecological sensitivity in Yanhe River basin based on spatial distance index
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摘要: 生态敏感性是生态系统对自然环境变化和人类活动干扰的敏感程度,可以反映生态环境问题发生的难易程度和可能性大小。以黄土丘陵沟壑区延河流域为例,选取水土流失敏感性指数、生态风险敏感性指数和生物多样性敏感性指数3个定量评价指标,基于空间距离指数构建流域综合生态敏感性指数(comprehensive ecological sensitivity index,CESI),并结合重心模型探讨1996—2016年间延河流域生态敏感性的时空变化情况。研究结果表明: ①从时间变化来看,延河流域生态敏感性总体呈下降趋势,CESI由1996年的1.38上升到2016年的1.41,表明延河流域生态环境质量有所改善; ②从空间分布变化看,延河流域1996—2016年间生态敏感性空间分布情况变化较大,1996年生态敏感性较高地区集中在延河流域上游部分,2006年以后生态敏感性较高地区主要分布在延河流域中游及下游的部分地区; ③1996—2016年,延河流域各级生态敏感性区域重心向延河流域中游转移,生态敏感性分布由1996年的集中分布转为2016年的集中与分散相结合的分布情况; ④延河流域生态敏感性受土地利用方式影响较大,延河流域“退耕还林(草)”工程及综合治理工程在生态敏感性转好过程中起关键作用。Abstract: Ecological sensitivity refers to the sensitive degree of an ecosystem to the changes in the natural environment and the interference of human activities. It can be used to reflect the liable degree and possibility of the occurrence of ecological environmental problems. Taking the Yanhe River basin in the loess hilly and gully region as an example, this study selected three quantitative assessment indicators (i.e., sensitivity indices of soil erodibility, ecological risks, and biodiversity) to construct a composite environmental sensitivity index (CESI) based on spatial distance index for a river basin. Then it explored the temporal-spatial changes in the ecological sensitivity of the Yanhe River basin during 1996—2016 by combining the center of gravity model, obtaining the following results. ①From the perspective of temporal change, the ecological sensitivity in the Yanhe River basin during 1996—2016 showed a downward trend, with CESI increasing from 1.38 in 1996 to 1.41 in 2016. This indicates that the quality of the ecological environment in the Yanhe River basin improved during the period. ② From the perspective of spatial change, the spatial distribution of the ecological sensitivity in the Yanhe River basin greatly changed during 1996—2016. In detail, the areas with high ecological sensitivity were concentrated in the upper reaches in 1996 but were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches after 2006. ③ The center of gravity of the ecologically sensitive areas at all levels shifted toward the middle reaches during 1996—2016. Meanwhile, the ecologically sensitive areas were distributed in a concentrated way in 1996 but in a both concentrated and dispersed manner in 2016. ④ The ecological sensitivity in the Yanhe River basin was greatly affected by land use. The project of returning farmland to forest (grass) and comprehensive management project in the Yanhe River basin played a key role in the process of reducing ecological sensitivity.
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