Ecological vulnerability assessment of the Yellow River basin based on partition-integration concept
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摘要: 黄河流域是中国重要的生态安全屏障、资源能源集聚地区、生产活动高度密集地区,其生态环境变化直接关系到流域生态与经济可持续发展。研究基于“分区-集成”的评价方法,选取水资源、气候、土壤、植被及人类活动等指标建立评价体系,引入乘法模型,对黄河流域的生态脆弱性进行了量化评价与空间异质性分析。结果表明: 流域整体生态环境呈中度脆弱,中度脆弱地区占流域面积的42.46%,脆弱性较为严重的地区主要为流域上游沿黄城市经济带; 2000—2018年流域生态脆弱水平先降低后升高,其中2000年生态问题最为突出,2015年脆弱程度最低,其综合脆弱指数分别为2.28和2.00; 流域范围内生态脆弱性分布与趋势演变空间差异明显,流域上游高原地区生态脆弱程度明显升高,沿黄城市带脆弱性等级无明显变化,中下游地区生态环境改善趋势显著。Abstract: The Yellow River basin is an important ecological safety barrier, an agglomeration area of resource and energy, and an area with highly intensive production activities in China. Therefore, its ecological change directly affects the sustainable development of the ecological environment and economy in the basin. This paper aims to quantitatively assess the ecological vulnerability and analyze the spatial heterogeneity in the Yellow River basin. To this end, an evaluation system was established using the partition-integration assessment method by selecting indicators such as water resources, climate, soil, vegetation, and human activities. Meanwhile, a multiplication model was introduced. The assessment results are as follows. The overall ecological environment in the basin is moderately vulnerable, with moderately vulnerable areas accounting for 42.37% of the total area of the basin. Meanwhile, the areas with a highly vulnerable ecological environment in the basin are mainly distributed in the urban economic belt along the upper mainstream of the Yellow River. From 2000 to 2018, the ecological vulnerability of the basin first decreased and then increased. During this period, ecological problems were the most notable in 2000 and ecological vulnerability was the lowest in 2015, with the Comprehensive Vulnerability Index (CVI) of 2.28 and 2.00, respectively in 2000 and 2015. The ecological vulnerability and its evolution trend in the basin significantly varied in space. In detail, the ecological vulnerability notably increased in the plateau areas in the upper reaches, slightly changed in the urban belt along the river, and significantly decreased in the middle and lower reaches.
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