Surveys and chain structure study of potential hazards of ice avalanches based on optical remote sensing technology: A case study of southeast Tibet
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摘要: 西藏自治区藏东南地区冰川广布,在全球变暖背景下,冰川失稳现象凸显,冰崩隐患的光学遥感调查对该区域防灾减灾工作具有实际意义。根据遥感影像上冰崩隐患的色调、形态、纹理、阴影等特征,建立遥感解译标志,开展研究区冰崩隐患的遥感解译。在藏东南地区共解译出冰崩隐患232处,其中大型47处,特大型147处,巨型38处,结合地形地貌、地质环境特征,分析了其基本特征和空间分布规律,划分出4个集中分布区、2个集中分布带。研究区冰崩隐患具有明显的链式特征,根据冰崩隐患与其可能引起的次生灾害之间的时空关系,将藏东南冰崩灾害链分为冰崩-冰湖溃决-泥石流灾害链、冰崩-碎屑流-堰塞湖-洪水灾害链、冰崩-碎屑流灾害链等3种类型,分别以米堆沟、尖母普曲、则隆弄沟为例,基于光学遥感技术对其动态变化特征、链式结构进行了详细分析,以期为藏东南地区冰崩灾害的深入研究提供基础资料。Abstract: Glaciers are widely distributed in southeast Tibet. Glacier instability is prominent in this region against the backdrop of global warming. Surveys of the potential hazards of ice avalanches using optical remote sensing are practically significant for disaster prevention and mitigation in the region. According to the hue, morphology, texture, and shadow characteristics of the potential hazards of ice avalanches on remote sensing images, this study established the symbols of remote sensing interpretation of potential hazards of ice avalanches in the study area. Based on this, a total of 232 potential hazards of ice avalanches were interpreted in southeast Tibet, including 47 large, 147 super large, and 38 giant ones. Then, this study analyzed the essential characteristics and spatial distribution of the potential hazards based on the characteristics of terrain, landform, and regional geological environment. Consequently, four concentrated distribution areas and two concentrated distribution zones were determined. The potential hazards of ice avalanches in the study area show distinct chain characteristics. According to the spatio-temporal relationships between the potential hazards and their possible secondary disasters, the ice avalanche disaster chains in southeast Tibet can be divided into three types, namely, ice avalanche - glacial lake outburst flood - debris flow disaster chains, ice avalanche - debris flow - barrier lake - flood disaster chains, and ice avalanche - debris flow disaster chains. Taking the potential hazard chains of ice avalanches in Miduigou, Jianmupuqu, and Zelongnonggou as examples, this study analyzed the dynamic change characteristics and chain structure of these potential hazard chains using optical remote sensing technology. The purpose is to provide basic data for an in-depth study on potential hazards of ice avalanches in southeast Tibet.
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