MODIS-based comprehensive assessment and spatial-temporal change monitoring of ecological quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
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摘要: 生态质量评价是保障人类生产生活与生态环境协调稳定、实现区域社会经济可持续发展的重要前提,利用遥感技术快速、准确、客观地定量评价区域生态质量已成为一种新的趋势。选取2001年、2010年、2019年京津冀地区的MODIS遥感数据产品,提取出反映绿度、湿度、热度和改进的干度4个重要指标,利用主成分分析法得到MODIS遥感生态指数(MODIS remote sensing ecological index,RSEIM),对京津冀地区2001—2019年近20 a间的生态质量状况进行综合评价及变化监测。结果表明: ①京津冀地区生态质量区域差异明显,北部燕山及西部太行山一带生态质量好,冀西北张家口及冀东南城市中心区生态质量差; ②2001年、2010年和2019年,京津冀地区的RSEIM均值分别为0.556,0.583和0.527,生态质量整体呈下降趋势; ③2001—2019年,京津冀地区生态质量改善和退化的面积占比分别为20.18%和35.69%,空间分布上呈现出西北改善、东南退化的格局。西北部生态改善的主要原因在于降水量增加、温度升高等水热条件变化及一系列的人为保护措施; 东南部生态退化的主要原因在于城镇化的快速推进及社会经济活动的增强。基于MODIS数据可有效实现区域大范围的生态质量综合评价,为区域社会经济绿色高质量发展提供参考。Abstract: Ecological quality assessment is an important prerequisite for guaranteeing the harmony and stability of the production and life of human beings and the ecological environment and for achieving the sustainable development of regional social economy. It has become a new trend to quickly, accurately, and objectively assess the regional ecological quality using use remote sensing technology. This study used the MODIS data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2001, 2010, and 2019 to extract four important indices, namely, NDVI (greenness), LSM (humidity), NDBSI (dryness), and LST (heat). Then, this study obtained the MODIS remote sensing ecological index (RSEIM) using the principal component analysis method to conduct a comprehensive assessment and change monitoring of the ecological quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region over the past 20 years. The results are as follows. ① The ecological quality of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region shows distinct regional differences. The Yanshan Mountain in the north and the Taihang Mountain in the west have high ecological quality, while the Zhangjiakou area in the northwestern part of Hebei Province and the urban center in the southeastern part of Hebei Province suffer low ecological quality. ② In 2001, 2010, and 2019, the average RSEIM of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 0.556, 0.583, and 0.527, respectively, with the overall ecological quality showing a downward trend. ③ From 2001 to 2019, the area with improved and degraded ecological quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region accounted for 20.18% and 35.69% respectively, and the ecological quality in this region showed a pattern of improvement in the northwest and degradation in the southeast. The main reasons for the ecological improvement in the northwestern part of the region are the changes in water and heat conditions, such as an increase in precipitation and temperature, and a series of man-made protection measures. The reasons for ecological degradation in the southeastern part of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region mainly include the rapid advancement of urbanization and the enhancement of social and economic activities. The comprehensive assessment of regional ecological quality can be effectively achieved based on MODIS data, thus providing a reference for the green and high-quality development of regional social economy.
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