摘要:
贵州山多平地少,耕地资源紧缺,坝区成了现代农业高质量发展和农民增收致富的主要载体,开展坝区提取与特征研究可为农业产业结构调整和土地资源的可持续利用提供科学参考。以2020年2 m分辨率的国产高分卫星影像为主要数据源,借助“3S”技术手段,对500亩①(①1亩=666.67 m2。) (33.33 hm2)以上的坝区进行了遥感提取、验证与分析。遥感监测结果表明: 贵州省500亩以上坝区大约1 749个,土地面积约337 080.14 hm2,占耕地面积的9.71%。全省主要以小面积坝区为主,其中等级2(66.67~133.33 hm2)和等级1(33.33~66.67 hm2)的坝区个数占比较高,占比分别为36.88%和26.13%; 而等级11(万亩大坝)的坝区面积占比最多(32.05%),且坝区个数与面积之间不成对应比例关系。500亩坝区主要聚集分布在沿东北—西南一线的中部区域,黔南州、遵义市和安顺市坝区面积位列前三; 坝区海拔主要分布在1 000~1 500 m之间,面积占比为46.68%,丘陵和山地区域坝区分布多,盆地和台地区域分布较少。
Abstract:
Featuring many mountains and few flatlands, Guizhou Province has scarce cultivated land resources. Consequently, dam areas become a main carrier for developing high-quality modern agriculture and increasing farmers’ income in Guizhou. The information extraction and characteristic research of dam areas can provide a scientific reference for the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure and the sustainable utilization of land resources in Guizhou. With the domestic high-resolution satellite images of 2020 with a resolution of 2 m as the main data source, this study extracted, verified, and analyzed the remote sensing images of the dam areas with an area over 500 mu (33.33 hm2) using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the geographical information system (GIS), and remote sensing (RS). The remote sensing monitoring results are as follows: ① Guizhou has about 1 749 dam areas with an area of over 33.33 hm2 each, covering a total area of about 337 080.14 hm2, which account for 9.71% of the cultivated land; ② The dam areas with an area of 33.33~66.67 hm2 and 66.67~100 hm2 each account for the highest two proportions and account for 46.65% in total; ③ The dam areas mostly have small areas, with 32.05% on a scale of 10 000 mu (666.67 hm2). Moreover, there is not a proportional relationship between the number of dam areas and their area. The dam areas with an area of over 33.33 hm2 each are mainly distributed in the central region along the northeastern-southwestern area in Guizhou, with Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Zunyi City, and Anshun City ranking the top three in terms of area. The dam areas are dominated by those at altitudes of 1 000~1 500 m, which account for 46.68%. In addition, the dam areas are largely distributed in hilly and mountainous areas, with a few of them spreading in basins and platforms.
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