摘要:
青海省地质勘查工作区位于典型的高原荒漠区,地形切割大、植被覆盖率低、基岩出露面积广、地表调查难度大。为研究卫星高光谱数据在柴北缘荒漠区蚀变矿物填图及找矿中的应用,基于高光谱分辨率的国产遥感卫星资源一号(ZY-1)02D数据,通过精细的辐射定标、大气校正、数据修复与正射校正等处理后,获得青海省柴北缘赛坝沟等荒漠地区的高光谱遥感影像; 经过详细的野外调查采样并使用FieldSpec Pro FR光谱仪进行波谱测试,构建了研究区包含绿泥石化等12种主要矿物蚀变的标准实验室光谱数据集; 最后开展了研究区蚀变矿物提取及找矿研究。结果发现,研究区的蚀变矿物主要有绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、绢云母、硅化、高岭土、碳酸盐、褐铁矿、阳起石、蛇纹石、赤铁矿、黄铁矿和孔雀石等13类,蚀变信息分布与地层、侵入岩岩性及韧性剪切构造密切相关。通过对赛坝沟等典型矿床的蚀变特征研究发现,孔雀石化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、硅化等蚀变信息与成矿关系十分密切,具有重要的找矿指示意义; 部分钾长石化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、钠长石化也与成矿作用有一定的关系,可作为找矿参考信息。最终,通过上述方法,结合配套开展的1:2.5万地球化学测量成果,在托莫尔日特地区发现了铜金矿化点1处。因此,高光谱蚀变矿物填图在我国自然条件恶劣的西部荒漠地区能够弥补传统地质调查和矿产勘查手段的局限性,可用于快速了解区域地质背景、成矿地质条件,进而提取矿物光谱信息等,为地质找矿工作提供大范围的丰富、精细的信息,具有广泛的应用前景。
Abstract:
The geological exploration in Qinghai Province is conducted in typical highland desert areas characterized by significant terrain cutting, low vegetation cover, extensive bedrock outcrops, and challenging surface investigations. To investigate the application of hyperspectral data from a satellite in altered mineral mapping and ore prospecting in desert areas along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, this study utilized hyperspectral remote sensing images with high spatial and spectral resolutions obtained from the domestic ZY1-02D satellite. Following fine-scale radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, data restoration, and orthorectification, high-quality hyperspectral remote sensing images were acquired for desert areas, such as Saibagou, along the northern margin of the Qinghai Province. After comprehensive field survey sampling and spectral testing using a FieldSpec Pro FR spectrometer, a standard laboratory spectral dataset of the surveyed areas was established, containing 13 major altered minerals such as chlorite. Finally, the extraction of altered minerals and ore prospecting were conducted. The results indicate that the primary altered minerals in the areas include 13 types: epidote, chlorite, albite, sericite, silicification, kaolinite, carbonate, limonite, actinolite, serpentine, hematite, pyrite, and malachite. The distribution of these altered minerals is closely associated with the strata, lithology of intrusions, and ductile shear structures. The analysis of the alteration characteristics of typical mineral deposits such as Saibagou reveals that malachitization, limonitization, pyritization, sericitization, and silicification are closely related to mineralization, being indicative of ore prospecting. Partial potassium feldspathization, chloritization, epidotization, and sodium feldspathization are also somewhat related to mineralization, serving as a valuable reference for ore prospecting. As a result of applying the above methods, combined with the 1:25 000 geochemical survey data, one copper-gold mineralized point was discovered in the Tuomoerrite area. Therefore, hyperspectral data-based alteration mineral mapping compensates for the limitations of traditional geological surveys and ore prospecting methods in the western desert areas of China with harsh natural conditions. This allows for rapid assessment of the regional geological setting and mineralization conditions, enabling the extraction of mineral spectral information. The hyperspectral data-based alteration mineral mapping provides abundant, fine-scale information for large-scale geological prospecting, offering broad application potential.
下载: