Remote sensing-based monitoring and identification mechanisms of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe estuary, China
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摘要: 作为全球面积最大的红海滩景观, 监测辽河口盐地碱蓬的时空动态变化对揭示其“退养还湿”等保护措施成效具有重要意义。目前, 卫星遥感技术已广泛应用于包括盐地碱蓬在内的滨海植被识别与制图, 但现有分类方法依赖于难以解释的黑箱模型, 忽视了对识别机理的探究, 制约了相关方法的改进和发展。可解释人工智能的发展为黑箱算法的解析指出了新的方向。考虑到构成随机森林的决策规则具有可解释性, 本研究构建了一套从已训练随机森林模型中抽取最优决策规则的新方法, 最终重构得到识别盐地碱蓬的最优决策规则, 即B3/B4< 0.90且B5/B3≥1.46, 数据整体精度优于90%; 以2017—2022年的Sentinel-2影像为数据源, 实现了对辽河口盐地碱蓬的逐年动态提取, 并结合质心迁移法, 分析了“退养还湿”工程实施后盐地碱蓬时空变化, 揭示了该区域盐地碱蓬呈现快速恢复的现状。Abstract: The Liaohe estuary of China boasts the largest red beach landscape in the world. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of Suaeda salsa in this region is of great significance for revealing the performance of conservation measures such as returning aquaculture to wetlands. Currently, satellite remote sensing technology has been widely applied to the mapping and identification of coastal vegetation including Suaeda salsa. However, existing classification methods rely on black-box models, which are difficult to interpret, while overlooking exploring identification mechanisms. This has hindered the improvement and development of related methods. Fortunately, the advancement in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has provided new directions for analyzing the black-box models. Considering that the decision rules in random forests are interpretable, this study developed a new method to extract the optimal decision rules from trained random forest models. Using this method, this study ultimately reconstructed the optimal decision rules used to identify Suaeda salsa, i.e., B3/B4< 0.90 & B5/B3≥1.46, with an overall data accuracy exceeding 90%. Using annual Sentinel-2 images from 2017 to 2022 as a data source, the study successfully extracted the annual dynamics of Suaeda salsa in the Liaohe Estuary. Accordingly, by combining the centroid migration method, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in the Suaeda salsa following the implementation of returning aquaculture to wetlands, revealing the current status that the Suaeda salsa in this region is undergoing rapid restoration.
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