Research Progress in Flotation Separation of Quartz and Feldspar in China
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摘要:
石英常与长石类硅酸盐矿物共生，由于两者相似的物化性质使其分离提纯难度较大。浮选法是石英与长石分离最有效的方法，详细综述了氢氟酸法、无氟有酸法和无氟无酸法等石英与长石分离的主要浮选方法，指出无氟无酸法和预处理强化浮选是未来技术发展的重点方向。在药剂研究方面，目前主要集中在阴阳离子组合捕收剂、抑制剂、金属离子活化等的设计与开发，但机理研究较少。
Abstract:Quartz is often symbiotic with feldspar silicate minerals, which is difficult to separate and purify because of their similar physical and chemical properties. Flotation is the most effective method for the separation of quartz and feldspar. The main flotation methods for the separation of quartz and feldspar, such as hydrofluoric acid method, fluoride-free acid method and fluoride-free acid method, are reviewed in detail. It is pointed out that fluoride-free acid method and pretreatment enhanced flotation will be the key direction of technological development in the future. In pharmaceutical research, the current focus is on the design and development of combined cationic and anion collectors, inhibitors, metal ion activation and so on, but the mechanism research is less.
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Key words:
- feldspar /
- quartz /
- flotation separation /
- reagent /
- research progress
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种类 含量要求 粒度要求/目 SiO2/% 杂质含量/(μg·g-1) 超纯石英 > 99.999 0.1~1 超高纯石英 > 99.999 1~8 高纯石英 > 99.995 8~50 40~70 中高等纯度石英砂 > 99.97 50~300 70~140 中等纯度石英砂 > 99.5 300~5 000 低等纯度石英砂 > 99 5 000~10 000 
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表 2 尤尼明公司高纯石英砂质量标准[2]
Table 2. Unimin high purity quartz sand quality standard
元素 杂质含量/10-6 IOTA-STD IOTA-4 IOTA-6 IOTA-8 Al 14 8 8 8 B < 0.10 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 Ca 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.4 Cr 0.006 0.007 0.003 0.001 Cu 0.028 0.004 0.001 < 0.001 Fe 0.3 0.3 0.2 < 0.05 K 0.7 0.4 0.1 < 0.05 Li 0.5 0.2 0.2 < 0.05 Mg 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.01 Mn 0.039 0.013 0.008 0.001 Na 1 1 < 0.1 < 0.05 Ni 0.001 0.002 0.002 < 0.001 P 0.1 0.1 0.1 < 0.05 Ti 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 Zn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
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表 3 石英中主要杂质元素的赋存状态和存在形式[4, 18-19]
Table 3. Occurrence state and form of main impurity elements in quartz
元素 赋存状态 存在形式 Al 独立矿物、类质同象 石英晶格杂质缺陷(Al3+替代晶格Si4+)、云母、长石、黏土类矿物 Fe 类质同象、独立矿物、包裹体 赤铁矿、黄铁矿等，石英晶格杂志缺陷(Fe3+替代晶格Si4+), (亚)微米包裹体、固态矿物包裹体 Ca 独立矿物、包裹体 方解石、萤石等矿物、气液包裹体液相 Mg 独立矿物、包裹体 白云石、云母等、包裹体 K 独立矿物、类质同象、包裹体 石英晶格杂质缺陷、钾长石、云母、黏土矿物、气液包裹体液相、电荷补偿杂质 Ge 类质同象 石英晶格杂质缺陷 Li 类质同象、包裹体 石英晶格杂质缺陷、气液包裹体液相 Na 类质同象、独立矿物、包裹体 钠长石、云母等、石英晶格杂质缺陷、气液包裹体液相 Ti 类质同象、独立矿物 石英晶格杂质缺陷、金红石 B 类质同象 石英晶格杂质缺陷 H 类质同象、包裹体 石英晶格杂质缺陷、包裹体中的水、有机质
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