Evaluation and spatial distribution of ecosystem services in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
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摘要: 【研究目的】京津冀高质量协同发展需要对重点生态功能区进行科学的识别、划分和加以保护，进一步提升生态系统质量和稳定性。【研究方法】基于“双评价”指南和《生态保护红线划定指南》，本文以京津冀为研究区，采用层次分析法从水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性、防风固沙四个方面开展生态系统服务功能重要性评价，综合评价结果将生态系统服务功能重要性分为极重要、重要和一般重要3个等级，进一步分析京津冀生态系统服务功能重要性及其空间分布特征。【研究结果】结果表明：（1）研究区水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性、防风固沙重要性评价面积从一般重要到极重要呈递减分布。其中水源涵养服务功能极重要区面积占比13.72%；水土保持功能极重要区面积占比15.20%。生物多样性维护功能极重要区面积占比25.33%；防风固沙功能极重要区面积占比11.32%。（2）研究区生态系统服务功能重要性基本呈现北高、南低的空间分布特征，面积从一般重要到极重要呈递减分布。生态系统服务功能极重要区面积为34 617.76 km2，约总面积的16.03%。（3）生态系统服务功能极重要区内林地、草地和少部分的耕地占主要部分，面积占比分别为68.74%、16.74%和10.86%。表明极重要区内植被覆盖度较高，人类活动少。【结论】研究区生态系统服务功能重要性空间分布相对不均匀，整体以一般重要区为主；此外，森林、草地等植被为维持研究区生态系统的稳定及其服务功能发挥着重要作用。Abstract: This paper is the result of the importance of ecosystem service function.[Objective] The high-quality coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei requires scientific identification, division and pro-tection of key ecological functional areas to further improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem.[Methods] Based on the"Double evaluation"guideline and the"Guideline for delineating the Red Line of Ecological Protection", this paper took the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the research area, and carried out the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem service functions from four aspects:water conservation, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, and wind and sand prevention with analytic hierarchy process.The comprehensive evaluation results divided the importance of ecosystem service functions into three levels:very important, impor-tant and generally important, and further analyzed the importance and spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem service func-tions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.[Results] The results showed that: (1) The evaluation area of the importance of water conservation, soil and water conservation, biodiversity, wind and sand fixation in the study area decreased from the general important to the very important.The area of water conservation service function is very important, accounting for 13.72%; The area of extremely impor-tant soil and water conservation function accounted for 15.20%.25.33% of the areas were very important for biodiversity conserva-tion.The area of the extremely important function of wind prevention and sand fixation accounted for 11.32%.(2)The importance of ecosystem service functions in the study area showed the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the north and low in the south, and the area showed a decreasing distribution from generally important to extremely important.The area of extremely important eco-system service function is 34617.76 km2, about 16.03%of the total area.(3)Forest land, grassland and a small part of cultivated land accounted for 68.74%, 16.74% and 10.86%, respectively, in the extremely important ecosystem service function area.It indicates that the vegetation coverage is higher and human activities are less in the extremely important area.[Conclusions]The spatial distri-bution of ecosystem service importance in the study area is relatively uneven, and the overall distribution is dominated by the gener-al important area.In addition, vegetation such as forest and grassland plays an important role in maintaining the stability and service function of the ecosystem in the study area.
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