ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINEERING GEOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SONGPAN LOESS, WESTERN SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA
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摘要:
以松潘幅和漳腊幅1:5万工程地质调查为基础，通过野外地质调查、地质测年、地理空间分析、室内试验和大型原位直剪试验等工作手段，对松潘黄土的发育分布特征和工程地质力学特性进行研究分析，认为松潘黄土具有以下特性：（1）松潘黄土为风成黄土，局部地形的变化通过控制近地面气流的运动从而影响松潘黄土的堆积，使得松潘黄土的分布与研究区地形、地貌的变化联系密切；（2）松潘黄土粉砂含量大于80%，大多含有碎石，碎石物质成分主要以砂板岩、炭质板岩和石英为主；（3）研究区内的松潘黄土主要分布于2712~3437 m的高程范围内，在山体南坡的分布远多于北坡，在地形开阔的断陷盆地内，黄土发育厚度大且呈广泛连续式分布，在高深的峡谷区，黄土的发育厚度变化大且呈零星的片状分布；（4）松潘黄土结构性明显，其力学性质受物质成分、含水率和天然结构面的影响，具有中等—强的湿陷性，黄土的结构性、水敏性、湿陷性等性质是该套地层内地质灾害发育的主要因素，松潘黄土的不良工程地质特性严重影响着研究区内未来重大工程的规划建设。
Abstract:Based on the 1:50000 geological survey of Songpan map and Zhangla map, through the field geological survey, geological dating, geography space analysis, laboratory test and in-situ large scale direct shear test, the development and distribution characteristics and engineering geomechanical properties of the Songpan loess are studied in this article. The Songpan loess has the following features:(1) The Songpan loess is an eolian deposit and the changes of local terrain affect the accumulation of the Songpan loess by controlling the movement of the air near the ground. So the distribution of the Songpan loess is closely related to the topography and geomorphology of the study area.(2) The Songpan loess contains more than 80% silt and mostly with gravels, and the material composition of gravels mainly are sandy slate, carbonaceous slate and quartz.(3) The Songpan loess in the study area is mainly distributed within the scope of elevation between 2712~2712 m, mostly in the south slope of the mountain, within the broad fault basin. It has a large and extensive continuous distribution, while in the deep canyon area with a patchy distribution. (4) The Songpan loess has a distinct structure, and its mechanical properties are influenced by material composition, moisture content and natural structure plane, with an intermediate to high collapsibility. The loess characteristics of structure, water sensitivity and collapsibility are the main factors in the development of geological disasters in the strata and the construction of the future major projects in the research area will be influenced by the undesirable engineering geological characteristics and geological disasters of the Songpan loess.
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Key words:
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /
- in-situ direct shear /
- engineering geology /
- Songpan /
- loess
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表 1 松潘黄土的基本物理特性
Table 1. Basic physical properties of the Songpan loess
样品野外编号 取样地点 样品特征 含水率/% 密度/(g/cm3) 干密度(g/cm3) 饱和度/% 孔隙比 孔隙度/% 液限/% 塑限(%) 塑性指数(%) 液性指数 CL16ZJ03 大寨村 黄土 20.12 1.69 1.56 31 0.732 42.3 28.8 19.7 9.1 0.077 CL16ZJ01 大窑沟 黄土 20.4 1.77 1.42 59.1 0.92 47.9 35.4 22.9 12.5 -0.200 CL16ZJ02 红花屯滑坡 黄土 17.17 1.90 1.66 54 0.650 38.5 27.4 17.9 9.5 -0.287 SCL16G4015 石河桥村滑坡 粉质粘土 22.6 1.88 1.57 73.9 0.736 42.4 36.9 23.6 13.3 -0.271 SCL16G204 石坝子村 粉土 18.1 2.11 1.79 95.6 0.511 33.8 30.4 20.1 9.3 -0.215 SCL16G07 安宏乡格机寨 粉土 16.9 1.84 1.53 83.4 0.547 35.4 27.6 19.4 8.2 -0.305 
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表 2 松潘黄土粒度组成特征
Table 2. Characteristics of grain-size composition of the Songpan loess
试样编号 采样地点 粒径分布(%) 不均匀系数Cu 曲率系数Cc 定名 > 0.075 0.075~0.005 mm < 0.005 mm CL16ZJ03 大寨村公路旁 1.3 85.7 13 9.8 1.6 粉土 CL16ZJ02 红花屯滑坡 1 81 18 9.7 1.65 粉土 SCL16G2046 石坝子公路旁 4.5 82 13.5 13.2 0.022 粉土
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表 3 松潘黄土湿陷性测试分析结果
Table 3. Test results of collapsibility of the Songpan loess in the study area
样品编号 取样地点 黄土湿陷系数(荷重200 kPa) 湿陷等级 CL16ZJ02 安宏乡红花屯村 0.068 中等湿陷 CL16ZJ03 大寨乡大寨村 0.140 强烈湿陷
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表 4 松潘黄土原位大型直剪试验结果
Table 4. Result of large-scale in-situ direct shear test of the Songpan loess
试验编号 试验地点 试样描述 高程/m 含水率/% 密度/(g/cm3) 法向压力/kPa 抗剪强度参数 c/kPa φ/° CL16ZJ0101 大窑沟 黄土(含硝酸盐，天然含水率) 2979 20.4 1.774 50；100；150 64.68 16.21 CL16ZJ0102 大窑沟 黄土(含硝酸盐，加水) 2979 22.52 1.905 50；100；150；200 49.12 21.51 CL16ZJ0301 大寨村 黄土(加水) 3192 22.02 1.865 50；100；150；200 60.41 16.69 CL16ZJ0302 大寨村 黄土(天然含水率) 3192 20.12 1.853 50；100；150；200 83.5 14.95
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