西藏冈底斯东段日多地区典中组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其构造环境

鲁麟; 潘亮; 周斌; 韩奎; 乔新星

西藏冈底斯东段日多地区典中组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其构造环境

1.
陕西省地质调查院, 陕西西安 710054

2.
陕西省矿产地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710068

基金项目:
中国地质调查局项目《冈底斯-喜马拉雅铜资源基地调查》（编号：DD20160015）

详细信息

作者简介: 鲁麟(1988-), 女, 博士, 工程师, 从事岩石学、矿床学研究工作。E-mail: lulin995280@126.com

中图分类号: P534.61⁺1;P59:P597⁺.3

收稿日期: 2020-08-21

修回日期: 2021-03-10

刊出日期: 2021-08-15

Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area, Eastern Gangdese belt, Tibet

1.
Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China

2.
Shaanxi Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China

Received Date: 21 August 2020

Revised Date: 10 March 2021

Publish Date: 15 August 2021

摘要

摘要:
林子宗群火山岩为古近纪岩浆活动的典型代表，记录了印度与欧亚大陆碰撞造山过程。以冈底斯带东段日多地区林子宗群典中组火山岩为研究对象，对其基性和中酸性火山岩进行岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明，典中组玄武岩、安山质晶屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为57.9±1.2 Ma和57.4±1.2 Ma。典中组火山岩为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性岩石，其中，基性火山岩表现为低SiO₂（48.67%~49.34%）、富Al₂O₃（15.25%~18.59%）、MgO（3.76%~8.69%），轻稀土元素相对富集和正Eu异常（δEu=1.15~1.37）特征；中酸性火山岩具有高SiO₂（54.92%~64.16%）、富Al₂O₃（15.85%~16.72%）、K₂O（0.65%~2.14%），低MgO（1.34%~3.67%）的特征，轻稀土元素富集，呈现出弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.77~0.92）。两者不同程度富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图均呈现出右倾、轻稀土元素富集型曲线。锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果显示，基性火山岩（玄武岩）ε_Hf（t）值为4.86~8.97，中酸性火山岩（安山质晶屑凝灰岩）ε_Hf（t）值为0.26~6.37。结合前人研究成果，认为西藏日多地区典中组火山岩形成于古新世印度-欧亚大陆碰撞对接的同碰撞阶段，基性火山岩主要源自消减板片流体交代上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物，中酸性火山岩主要为新生地壳的部分熔融，上升过程中均受到不同程度地壳物质的混染。
- 锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- Lu-Hf同位素 /
- 典中组火山岩 /
- 日多地区 /
- 冈底斯带
Abstract:
The Linzizong Group is a typical Paleogene volcanic assemblage in the Gangdise belt, which records the orogenic history of subduction and collision between India and Eurasia.Zircon U-Pb chronology and Lu-Hf isotope studies were conducted on the Dianzhong Formation basic and intermediate volcanic rocks at the bottom of the Linzizong Group in the Riduo region of the Eastern Gangdese belt.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that ages of the Dianzhong Formation basalt and andesite crystalline tuff are 57.9±1.2 Ma and 57.4±1.2 Ma respectively, indicating that they were formed in the Late Paleozoic.Geochemically, the volcanic rocks generally belong to high-K(calc-alkaline) series.The basic volcanic rocks have low SiO₂(48.67%~49.34%), high Al₂O₃(15.25%~18.59%) and high MgO(3.76%~8.69%).They are characterized by LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies(δEu=1.15~1.37).The intermediate volcanic rocks have high SiO₂(54.92%~64.16%), high Al₂O₃(15.85%~16.72%), high K₂O(0.65%~2.14%) and low MgO(1.34%~3.67%).They are relatively enriched in LREE and weak negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.77~0.92).Both volcanic rocks exhibit fractionated REE and rightward patterns, strong enrichment of LILE(Rb, Ba, Sr), and depletion of HFSE(Nb, Ta, Ti).The zircon ε_Hf(t) values of the basic volcanic rocks range from 4.86 to 8.97, and the ε_Hf(t) values of the intermediate volcanic rocks are from 0.26 to 6.37.Based on previous results, it is suggested that the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in Riduo area were formed in the syn-collision tectonic setting of the collision between India and Eurasia.The basic volcanic rocks were mainly derived from the partial melting of overlying mantle wedge metasomatized by the fluids of subducting plate, while the intermediate volcanic rocks were originated from partial melting of the juvenile crust materials, both of which were influenced by the contamination of old crustal materials to various degrees.
- zircon U-Pb geochronology /
- Lu-Hf isotope /
- Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks /
- Riduo area /
- Gangdise belt

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图 1 拉萨地块大地构造位置(a、b)和日多地区地质简图(c)(据参考文献①[19, 24-26]修改)

Figure 1.

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图 2 日多地区典中组火山喷发旋回柱状图

Figure 2.

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图 3 日多地区典中组火山岩野外露头(a~c)及镜下照片(d、e)

Figure 3.

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图 4 日多地区典中组火山岩TAS分类图解(a)和FAM图解(b)

Figure 4.

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图 5 日多地区典中组火山岩SiO₂-K₂O图解

Figure 5.

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图 6 日多地区典中组火山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

Figure 6.

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图 7 日多地区典中组火山岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及测点位置示意图

Figure 7.

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图 8 日多地区典中组火山岩锆石U-Pb谐和图及²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄加权平均值图

Figure 8.

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图 9 日多地区典中组火山岩成因图解

Figure 9.

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图 10 日多地区典中组火山岩(Y+Nb)-Rb图解(a)和Hf-Th-Ta图解(b)

Figure 10.

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表 1 日多地区典中组火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果

Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth element composition of the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area

样品编号	D0758/1	D2844/2	D1016/1	D3040/1	D4998/3	D4998/5	D4998/9
岩石分类	基性火山岩		中酸性火山岩
岩石名称	玄武岩		玄武安山岩	安山质晶屑凝灰岩			英安岩
SiO₂	49.34	48.67	54.92	58.34	61.28	64.16	62.37
Al₂O₃	18.59	15.25	16.62	16.72	16.05	16.01	15.85
TFe₂O₃	9.14	9.98	10.44	7.45	6.13	4.95	6.31
MgO	3.76	8.69	3.67	2.82	1.70	1.34	1.66
CaO	9.44	9.30	9.36	5.23	4.04	4.11	4.40
Na₂O	2.46	2.42	2.67	4.07	3.42	3.56	3.28
K₂O	2.14	0.65	0.30	2.08	2.82	2.92	2.51
P₂O₅	0.27	0.12	0.22	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.25
MnO	0.21	0.19	0.19	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.11
TiO₂	0.76	1.07	1.18	0.88	0.75	0.70	0.74
烧失量	4.00	4.21	0.32	1.92	3.30	1.91	2.36
总计	100.11	100.55	99.89	99.88	99.85	99.98	99.84
Mg^#	49	67	45	47	39	37	38
里特曼指数(σ)	2.7	1.3	0.7	2.4	2	1.9	1.7
Sr	795	299	426	507	488	445	527
Zr	105	73.3	148	277	185	226	156
Ba	516	229	139	413	505	471	541
Rb	43.0	13.4	10.0	59.0	73.2	89.3	60.6
Th	6.90	1.30	6.43	7.24	5.52	9.25	7.57
U	1.45	0.68	1.13	1.5	1.45	2.51	1.43
Nb	7.31	2.40	13.45	6.27	7.01	9.67	7.12
Hf	1.86	2.02	2.95	5.29	3.91	4.91	4.13
Ta	0.72	0.38	0.80	0.50	0.66	0.70	0.52
Y	20.1	26.5	28.2	23.8	24.8	28.8	22.1
La	20.3	6.6	20.7	26.3	24.9	26.7	22.8
Ce	41.6	15.4	42.1	53.8	57.6	60.2	47.7
Pr	4.61	2.20	4.58	6.27	6.07	6.65	5.39
Nd	18.8	11.0	19.2	24.3	24.1	26.4	21.4
Sm	4.10	3.64	4.25	4.75	4.92	5.48	4.47
Eu	1.45	1.55	1.24	1.45	1.43	1.38	1.18
Gd	3.61	3.31	4.50	4.85	4.93	5.53	4.41
Tb	0.56	0.70	0.72	0.72	0.74	0.85	0.66
Dy	2.96	4.03	4.35	4.19	4.40	4.99	3.89
Ho	0.67	0.96	0.88	0.87	0.91	1.06	0.82
Er	1.74	2.17	2.69	2.62	2.71	3.14	2.42
Tm	0.25	0.42	0.37	0.39	0.39	0.46	0.36
Yb	1.58	2.21	2.49	2.51	2.65	3.00	2.38
Lu	0.24	0.30	0.38	0.43	0.43	0.48	0.37
∑REE	102	55	108	133	136	146	118
∑LREE/∑HREE	7.83	2.87	5.62	7.05	6.93	6.50	6.72
(La/Yb)_N	9.22	2.16	5.96	7.52	6.73	6.38	6.87
δEu	1.15	1.37	0.87	0.92	0.89	0.77	0.81
注：Mg^#=100×Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺)；里特曼指数(σ)=[ω(K₂O+Na₂O)]²/[ω(SiO₂-43)]，主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10^-6

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表 2 日多地区典中组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotopic data of zircons from the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area

测点	含量/10^-6			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄值/Ma
测点	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
D0758/1玄武岩
2	14.0	404	307	1.31	0.0471	0.0030	0.0558	0.0037	0.00857	0.00019	53.8	140.7	55.0	3.4	55.0	1.2
3	7.11	181	114	1.59	0.0475	0.0034	0.0630	0.0050	0.00954	0.00028	72.3	162.9	62.1	4.8	61.2	1.7
5	10.4	298	172	1.73	0.0463	0.0030	0.0560	0.0037	0.00885	0.00023	9.4	144.4	55.4	3.4	56.8	1.4
7	11.5	306	183	1.67	0.0499	0.0029	0.0653	0.0041	0.00950	0.00021	190.8	134.2	64.3	3.9	61.0	1.4
8	24.1	639	298	2.15	0.0475	0.0021	0.0600	0.0027	0.00918	0.00013	76.0	113.0	59.2	2.6	58.9	0.8
9	5.77	151	105	1.44	0.0515	0.0051	0.0599	0.0060	0.00857	0.00020	261.2	229.6	59.1	5.7	55.0	1.3
10	10.7	302	199	1.52	0.0521	0.0037	0.0628	0.0044	0.00890	0.00020	300.1	167.6	61.8	4.2	57.1	1.3
11	14.2	374	173	2.16	0.0488	0.0061	0.0580	0.0075	0.00865	0.00026	139.0	270.3	57.2	7.2	55.5	1.7
12	26.0	603	739	0.82	0.0494	0.0017	0.0656	0.0033	0.00964	0.00039	164.9	88.0	64.5	3.2	61.9	2.5
14	6.76	197	98	2.01	0.0468	0.0043	0.0575	0.0053	0.00890	0.00021	39.0	216.6	56.8	5.1	57.1	1.3
15	6.87	178	117	1.52	0.0477	0.0035	0.0626	0.0049	0.00942	0.00022	87.1	162.9	61.6	4.7	60.4	1.4
16	6.55	186	127	1.47	0.0505	0.0049	0.0582	0.0051	0.00859	0.00023	216.7	211.1	57.4	4.9	55.2	1.5
18	13.6	376	218	1.72	0.0479	0.0042	0.0596	0.0060	0.00891	0.00021	100.1	187.0	58.8	5.8	57.2	1.4
20	14.8	372	229	1.62	0.0488	0.0022	0.0633	0.0032	0.00946	0.00025	139.0	105.5	62.3	3.1	60.7	1.6
23	5.57	142	102	1.40	0.0499	0.0040	0.0642	0.0053	0.00935	0.00026	190.8	177.8	63.2	5.1	60.0	1.7
D2851/1安山质晶屑凝灰岩
1	13.6	87.9	75.7	1.16	0.0497	0.0072	0.0601	0.0090	0.00882	0.00025	189.0	298.1	59.3	8.6	56.6	1.6
4	24.1	187	260	0.72	0.0496	0.0024	0.0669	0.0039	0.00967	0.00021	172.3	116.7	65.7	3.7	62.1	1.3
5	37.0	307	417	0.74	0.0504	0.0020	0.0676	0.0039	0.00953	0.00027	216.7	88.9	66.4	3.7	61.1	1.7
8	23.1	206	259	0.79	0.0478	0.0018	0.0604	0.0023	0.00923	0.00017	100.1	-112.0	59.5	2.2	59.2	1.1
9	28.0	290	276	1.05	0.0491	0.0023	0.0616	0.0033	0.00912	0.00023	153.8	109.2	60.7	3.1	58.5	1.4
12	8.46	79.1	89.0	0.89	0.0529	0.0037	0.0650	0.0046	0.00914	0.00021	327.8	156.5	64.0	4.4	58.7	1.4
14	28.0	257	350	0.73	0.0512	0.0022	0.0611	0.0027	0.00866	0.00016	250.1	98.1	60.2	2.6	55.6	1.0
15	32.5	295	322	0.92	0.0496	0.0024	0.0623	0.0037	0.00901	0.00022	189.0	114.8	61.3	3.6	57.8	1.4
16	36.3	297	410	0.72	0.0492	0.0027	0.0593	0.0032	0.00875	0.00013	166.8	123.1	58.5	3.0	56.2	0.9
17	67.9	613	767	0.80	0.0484	0.0019	0.0610	0.0033	0.00900	0.00020	120.5	88.0	60.1	3.2	57.8	1.3
19	15.6	119	158	0.75	0.0482	0.0028	0.0567	0.0036	0.00848	0.00016	109.4	129.6	56.0	3.4	54.4	1.0
20	52.4	525	533	0.99	0.0512	0.0019	0.0685	0.0042	0.00962	0.00039	250.1	89.8	67.3	4.0	61.7	2.5
21	23.6	289	187	1.55	0.0494	0.0032	0.0595	0.0044	0.00874	0.00019	164.9	151.8	58.7	4.2	56.1	1.2
22	21.5	163	244	0.67	0.0513	0.0031	0.0576	0.0033	0.00826	0.00018	253.8	138.9	56.9	3.2	53.0	1.1
23	43.9	444	456	0.97	0.0520	0.0027	0.0660	0.0046	0.00927	0.00037	283.4	118.5	64.9	4.4	59.5	2.4
27	19.6	159	236	0.68	0.0520	0.0030	0.0639	0.0036	0.00898	0.00019	283.4	131.5	62.9	3.5	57.6	1.2
28	63.6	581	664	0.88	0.0480	0.0014	0.0626	0.0023	0.00938	0.00015	98.2	70.4	61.6	2.2	60.2	1.0
30	24.7	278	204	1.37	0.0506	0.0032	0.0624	0.0044	0.00907	0.00030	220.4	141.6	61.5	4.2	58.2	1.9

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表 3 日多地区典中组火山岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果

Table 3. Lu-Hf isotopic data of zircons from the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area

测点编号	t/Ma	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	t_DM1/Ma	t_DM2/Ma
D0758/1玄武岩
3	61.2	0.078482	0.000488	0.003121	0.000009	0.282994	0.000030	7.74	8.96	392	558
7	61.0	0.068604	0.000780	0.002834	0.000025	0.282968	0.000028	6.81	8.03	429	618
8	58.9	0.085772	0.001875	0.003356	0.000059	0.282935	0.000026	5.64	6.80	485	695
9	55.0	0.048382	0.000772	0.002026	0.000030	0.282896	0.000026	4.31	5.45	522	778
11	55.5	0.062427	0.000684	0.002425	0.000024	0.282996	0.000023	7.84	8.97	381	553
12	61.9	0.117556	0.005751	0.004568	0.000219	0.282994	0.000022	7.66	8.83	413	567
14	57.1	0.052639	0.001068	0.002079	0.000037	0.282950	0.000020	6.23	7.40	444	655
15	60.4	0.078384	0.000460	0.003189	0.000016	0.282946	0.000028	6.02	7.21	467	669
16	55.2	0.062395	0.001212	0.002504	0.000052	0.282949	0.000029	6.17	7.29	451	661
18	57.2	0.058012	0.001090	0.002296	0.000038	0.282907	0.000027	4.70	5.87	510	753
20	60.7	0.073338	0.000904	0.002985	0.000033	0.282879	0.000027	3.65	4.86	564	820
23	60.0	0.044750	0.001483	0.001842	0.000057	0.282951	0.000028	6.26	7.50	440	651
D2851/2安山质晶屑凝灰岩
1	56.6	0.046272	0.001210	0.001941	0.000049	0.282858	0.000025	2.98	4.15	576	862
4	62.1	0.070582	0.001031	0.002887	0.000034	0.282824	0.000023	1.73	2.97	644	942
8	59.2	0.055712	0.000239	0.002192	0.000009	0.282866	0.000021	3.23	4.45	569	845
9	58.5	0.050771	0.000300	0.002027	0.000008	0.282830	0.000020	1.96	3.16	619	927
12	58.7	0.034924	0.000499	0.001389	0.000018	0.282822	0.000018	1.70	2.93	619	942
15	57.8	0.078208	0.000511	0.003208	0.000013	0.282923	0.000028	5.23	6.37	501	721
16	56.2	0.079574	0.000772	0.003205	0.000017	0.282814	0.000029	1.36	2.48	665	969
17	57.8	0.100605	0.001505	0.003989	0.000046	0.282832	0.000027	1.97	3.09	654	931
19	54.4	0.071036	0.000351	0.003005	0.000009	0.282752	0.000030	-0.83	0.26	754	1109
20	61.7	0.098993	0.000930	0.003906	0.000029	0.282816	0.000030	1.38	2.58	678	966
21	56.1	0.083099	0.002810	0.003230	0.000113	0.282764	0.000028	-0.39	0.72	740	1080
22	53.0	0.069312	0.001323	0.002846	0.000049	0.282787	0.000029	0.42	1.48	698	1030
23	59.5	0.074525	0.000991	0.002934	0.000029	0.282785	0.000029	0.35	1.53	703	1031
27	57.6	0.075913	0.001345	0.002986	0.000047	0.282868	0.000027	3.30	4.45	579	844
28	60.2	0.097575	0.001446	0.003906	0.000039	0.282859	0.000027	2.92	4.09	611	869
30	58.2	0.062287	0.000458	0.002584	0.000013	0.282829	0.000027	1.90	3.08	631	932
注：ε_Hf(t) = 10, 000 × {[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s × (e^λt-1)]/[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_{CHUR, 0}-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_{CHUR, 0} × (e^λt-1)]-1}, t_DM1 = (1/λ) ×ln{1+[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM]/[(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM], t_DM2 = t + (1/λ) × ln{1+[(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s, t-(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM, t]/[(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_c-(¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)DM]}。(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s, (¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_s为样品测量值, (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_{CHUR, 0} = 0.282772, (¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_{CHUR, 0} = 0.0332, (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM = 0.28325, (¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_DM = 0.0384, (¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf)_c = 0.015, λ = 1.867 × 10^-11/a, t为锆石结晶年龄

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表 4 冈底斯带典中组火山岩形成时代

Table 4. Formation age of the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in the Gangdise belt

位置	采样地点	岩性	年龄/Ma	测试方法	数据来源
冈底斯东段	南木林	英安岩、安山岩	60.6~64.4	Ar-Ar	[34]
	林周盆地	安山岩	65~57	Ar-Ar	[35]
	林周盆地	安山岩	60.6~64.4	Ar-Ar	[14]
	林周盆地	流纹岩	62.6~68.7	U-Pb	[36]
	林周盆地	辉石安山岩	62~64	U-Pb	[22]
	林周盆地	辉石安山岩	66.0	U-Pb	[21]
	林周盆地	黑云母安山岩	65.8	U-Pb	[21]
	新嘎果地区	流纹质晶屑凝灰岩	70.9	U-Pb	[37]
	日多地区	安山质晶屑凝灰岩、玄武岩	57.4~57.9	U-Pb	本文
冈底斯中段	朱诺地区	流纹质晶屑凝灰岩	64.8	U-Pb	[38]
	措麦地区	凝灰岩	65~70	U-Pb	[39]
	桑桑地区	凝灰岩	69.9	U-Pb	[18]
	申扎地区		78.5~83.4	K-Ar	②
	查孜地区	流纹质晶屑凝灰岩	70.7	U-Pb	[40]
冈底斯西段	狮泉河	流纹岩	64.5	U-Pb	[41]
	石巴罗地区	英安岩、火山角砾岩	77.1~79.2	U-Pb	③
			69.7~75.5	Ar-Ar
	塔若错和仁多地区	英安岩和流纹岩	63.9~82.2	K-Ar	④

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