Geological setting and mineralization of large-superlarge gold deposits in "One Belt, One Road" region
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摘要:
通过对“一带一路”范围内中国境外21个主要大型超大型金矿的地质特征进行分析比较，运用板块构造理论阐述了在成矿作用过程中构造-岩浆活动与金矿化的时空联系，这些矿床空间上主要分布在中亚-蒙古成矿域、特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿域的中-东段和环太平洋成矿域西环三大成矿域；形成时间上，中亚-蒙古成矿域金成矿作用高峰期为泥盆纪和石炭纪；特提斯成矿域成矿作用高峰期为白垩纪末-古新世初；环太平洋西环成矿域金成矿作用高峰期北部为晚侏罗世-早白垩世，南部为新近纪；从产出环境看，成矿作用主要与板块俯冲、碰撞过程中所形成的造山带和岛弧带密切相关。“一带一路”地区具有丰富的金矿资源，良好的成矿条件，找矿勘查开发潜力巨大。
Abstract:In this paper, geological characteristics of 21 large-superlarge gold deposits in the "One Belt, One Road" region outside China were summarized, and the relationship between the tectonic magma activity and gold mineralization in the process of metallo-genesis was discussed based on the plate tectonic theory. These deposits are spatially distributed mainly in the Central Asia-Mongolia metallogenic domain, the middle and eastern of the Tethys-Himalayan metallogenic domain, and the west of the Circum-Pacific metallogenic domain. Devonian and Carboniferous were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the Central Asia-Mongolia metallogenic domain, Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the Tethys-Himalayan metallogenic domain, Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were the peak epochs of meallogenic activities in the north of western Circum-Pacific metallogenic domain, and Neogene was the peak epoch of meallogenic activities in the south. The environment of gold mineralization was closely related to the orogenic belt and island arc belt formed by the process of the plates' subduction and collision. The "One Belt, One Road" region has enormous potential for gold exploration and exploitation as well as rich gold resources and excellent metallogenic conditions.
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Key words:
- plate tectonics /
- gold mines in Asia /
- superlarge ore deposit /
- regional mineralization /
- ore genesis
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表 1 “一带一路”地区主要大型-超大型金矿地质特征
Table 1. Geological features of the large-superlarge gold deposits in"One Belt, One Road"region
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表 2 “一带一路”地区大型超大型金矿时空分布
Table 2. Spatial and temporal distribution of the large-superlarge gold deposits in"One Belt, One Road"region
空间分布 时间分布 矿床名称 类型特征 环太平洋成矿域西环 更新世 菲律宾阿库潘（Acupan） 与石英脉相关 菲律宾勒班陀-远东南（Lepanto-Far Southeast） 与斑岩相关 上新世 印尼格拉斯贝格（Grasberg） 与斑岩相关 印尼巴都希贾乌（BatuHijau） 与斑岩相关 早二叠世 老挝色潘（Sepan） 与斑岩相关 早白垩世 俄罗斯纳塔尔卡金矿Natalka 与造山活动相关 古特提斯成矿域 中新世 伊朗萨里古纳里Sari Gunay 与火山爆破角砾岩相关 罗马尼亚罗西亚蒙大拿（Rosia Montana） 火山爆破角砾岩型金矿 伊朗萨尔切什梅（SarCheshmeh） 与斑岩相关 始新世 土耳其康尔普（Copler） 与斑岩相关 古新世 藏南 与造山活动相关 古亚洲洋成矿 中二叠世 乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套（Muruntau Open Pit） 与黑色页岩相关 - 乌兹别克斯坦科齐布拉克 与火山爆破角砾岩相关 晚石炭世 蒙古欧玉陶勒盖（OyuTolgoi） 与斑岩相关 哈萨克斯坦巴克尔奇克（Bakyrchik） 与黑色页岩相关 二叠纪 哈萨克斯坦阿卡巴凯（Akbakai） 石英脉 晚震旦世 俄罗斯苏霍依洛克（Sukhoi log） 与黑色页岩相关 早二叠世 吉尔吉斯斯坦库姆托尔（Kumtor） 与黑色页岩相关 中寒武世 俄罗斯奥林匹亚达金矿（Olimpiada） 与黑色页岩相关 红海沿岸 晚震旦世 埃及苏卡瑞（Sukari） 与石英脉相关 印度克拉通 新太古代 印度科拉尔（Kolar） 与绿岩带相关
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