The Early Cretaceous gabbro in Yare area, middle Lhasa Block: Magmatism response to the slab break-off of the southward subduction Bangong-Nujiang Ocean lithosphere
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摘要:
为深入认识拉萨地块中北部地区早白垩世构造-岩浆过程，对中拉萨地块西段亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩进行了研究。辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为115.5±0.5 Ma。岩石属于拉斑玄武岩系列，具有与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）相似的稀土元素特征，Mg#值（46.07~48.05）、Cr（6.97×10-6~18.5×10-6）和Ni（6.87×10-6~11.2×10-6）元素含量较低，Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素富集，Th、U和Pb元素呈现明显的正异常，Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素表现为负异常，显示具有部分弧火山岩性质；具有正的锆石εHf（t）值（+4.3~+7.9）和较年轻的Hf亏损地幔模式年龄（TDM1=489~614 Ma）。综合分析认为，亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩形成于南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江特提斯洋岩石圈板片断离的构造背景，可能是受近期俯冲板片熔体或超临界流体交代的软流圈地幔部分熔融的产物，并经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用。
Abstract:In order to understand the Early Cretaceous tectonic-magmatic process in the central and north Lhasa Block, the Early Cretaceous gabbro in the Yare area of western part of middle Lhasa Block were studied.The zircon U-Pb age of gabbro is 115.5±0.5 Ma.The rocks belong to tholeiite series, and their characteristics of rare earth elements are similar to those of oceanic island basalt (OIB).Mg# value (46.07~48.05) and contents of Cr (6.97×10-6~18.5×10-6), Ni (6.87×10-6~11.2×10-6) are relatively low.The large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Ba, K, Sr of gabbro samples are relatively enriched, Th、U and Pb show positive anomalies, and the high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti show negative anomalies, indicating that the gabbro samples have some "arc volcanic rock" properties.The gabbro show positive zircon εHf (t) values (+4.3~+7.9) and younger Hf-depleted mantle model ages (TDM1) of 489~614 Ma.By comprehensive analysis, it is proposed that the Early Cretaceous gabbro in the Yare area is most likely triggered by the slab break-off of the southward subducting Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean lithosphere, and can be considered as the product of partial melting of the asthenosphere mantle which was metasomatized by recent melts or supercritical fluids from the subduction slab, and subsequently experienced varying degrees of fractional crystallization.
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Key words:
- middle Lhasa Block /
- Yare area /
- Early Cretaceous /
- gabbro /
- slab break-off
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表 1 亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb定年结果
Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb dating results of the Early Cretaceous gabbro in the Yare area
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ YR03-N1:细粒辉长岩, 115.5±0.5 Ma(MSWD=0.24, n=24) 1 63.8 3149 2424 1.30 0.0497 0.0023 0.1239 0.0059 0.0180 0.0003 119 5.3 115 1.9 2 58.1 2004 2455 0.82 0.0463 0.0019 0.1160 0.0046 0.0181 0.0002 111 4.2 116 1.2 3 101.8 6586 3422 1.92 0.0483 0.0024 0.1198 0.0056 0.0180 0.0002 115 5.1 115 1.3 4 171 12027 5389 2.23 0.0507 0.0014 0.1264 0.0039 0.0180 0.0002 121 3.5 115 1.4 5 67.5 2940 2638 1.11 0.0475 0.0018 0.1187 0.0045 0.0180 0.0002 114 4.1 115 1.1 6 113.5 7009 3855 1.82 0.0474 0.0018 0.1192 0.0048 0.0182 0.0002 114 4.4 116 1.3 7 46.7 1560 1988 0.78 0.0469 0.0020 0.1167 0.0049 0.0180 0.0002 112 4.5 115 1.3 8 128.9 7023 4503 1.56 0.0467 0.0015 0.1183 0.0039 0.0183 0.0002 114 3.5 117 1.1 9 119.3 6708 4287 1.56 0.0480 0.0016 0.1213 0.0040 0.0182 0.0002 116 3.6 116 1.0 10 72.9 3814 2756 1.38 0.0479 0.0015 0.1185 0.0035 0.0180 0.0002 114 3.2 115 1.1 11 150.9 8583 5442 1.58 0.0463 0.0013 0.1158 0.0033 0.0181 0.0002 111 3.0 115 1.1 12 73.1 4645 2553 1.82 0.0459 0.0038 0.1146 0.0096 0.0180 0.0003 110 8.7 115 2.1 13 82.5 4571 3123 1.46 0.0488 0.0019 0.1212 0.0045 0.0181 0.0002 116 4.0 115 1.5 14 100.7 4763 3927 1.21 0.0485 0.0016 0.1216 0.0039 0.0181 0.0002 117 3.6 116 1.1 15 98.5 4945 3703 1.34 0.0505 0.0018 0.1265 0.0044 0.0181 0.0002 121 4.0 116 1.0 16 109.7 6310 3925 1.61 0.0494 0.0018 0.1231 0.0045 0.0180 0.0002 118 4.1 115 1.3 17 72.0 2447 3092 0.79 0.0481 0.0017 0.1193 0.0042 0.0180 0.0002 114 3.8 115 1.1 18 52.2 2851 1877 1.52 0.0496 0.0023 0.1228 0.0056 0.0180 0.0002 118 5.1 115 1.4 19 61.9 3042 2365 1.29 0.0519 0.0023 0.1281 0.0055 0.0180 0.0002 122 5.0 115 1.3 20 149 10657 4758 2.24 0.0496 0.0016 0.1242 0.0040 0.0181 0.0002 119 3.6 116 1.1 21 48.5 1558 2072 0.75 0.0483 0.0019 0.1215 0.0049 0.0181 0.0002 116 4.4 116 1.1 22 73.4 3844 2798 1.37 0.0507 0.0020 0.1277 0.0050 0.0182 0.0002 122 4.5 116 1.3 23 137.8 8344 4834 1.73 0.0471 0.0016 0.1182 0.0041 0.0180 0.0002 113 3.7 115 1.1 24 29.7 1446 1117 1.29 0.0523 0.0038 0.1317 0.0093 0.0182 0.0003 126 8.4 116 2.2 
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表 2 亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩锆石Hf同位素组成
Table 2. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the Early Cretaceous gabbro in the Yare area
测点 年龄/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 1σ (176Hf/177Hf)i εHf(0) εHf(t) TDM1 /Ma TDM2 /Ma fLu/Hf 1 115 0.034591 0.001233 0.282841 0.000011 0.282839 2.5 4.9 586 859 -0.96 2 116 0.031632 0.001115 0.282837 0.000009 0.282835 2.3 4.8 590 868 -0.97 3 115 0.036831 0.001321 0.282869 0.000009 0.282866 3.4 5.9 547 797 -0.96 4 115 0.106599 0.003638 0.282931 0.000009 0.282924 5.6 7.9 489 668 -0.89 5 115 0.035429 0.001266 0.282831 0.000009 0.282828 2.1 4.5 601 883 -0.96 6 116 0.054628 0.001919 0.282835 0.000012 0.282831 2.2 4.6 606 877 -0.94 7 115 0.023673 0.000850 0.282848 0.000008 0.282846 2.7 5.1 571 843 -0.97 8 117 0.045489 0.001628 0.282852 0.000009 0.282848 2.8 5.3 577 837 -0.95 12 115 0.072057 0.002395 0.282882 0.000011 0.282877 3.9 6.2 545 773 -0.93 13 115 0.028848 0.001027 0.282824 0.000009 0.282821 1.8 4.3 608 898 -0.97 16 115 0.047060 0.001653 0.282874 0.000008 0.282870 3.6 6.0 545 788 -0.95 17 115 0.032015 0.001215 0.282855 0.000011 0.282852 2.9 5.4 566 829 -0.96 19 115 0.034776 0.001250 0.282842 0.000007 0.282839 2.5 4.9 585 858 -0.96 20 116 0.054467 0.001885 0.282829 0.000009 0.282825 2.0 4.4 614 890 -0.94 21 116 0.014140 0.000527 0.282833 0.000007 0.282832 2.2 4.7 586 873 -0.98 22 116 0.045963 0.001585 0.282854 0.000011 0.282850 2.9 5.3 574 833 -0.95 24 116 0.060981 0.002101 0.282888 0.000009 0.282883 4.1 6.5 532 759 -0.94
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表 3 亚热地区早白垩世辉长岩主量、微量和稀土元素数据
Table 3. Major, trace and rare earth element concentrations of the Early Cretaceous gabbro in the Yare area
编号 YR03-H1 YR03-H2 YR03-H3 YR03-H4 YR03-H5 编号 YR03-H1 YR03-H2 YR03-H3 YR03-H4 YR03-H5 SiO2 51.38 50.14 51.25 50.68 50.5 Zr 173 208 153 221 217 TiO2 0.9 0.96 0.87 0.9 0.92 Nb 13.3 12.9 11.3 13.7 12.9 Al2O3 18.7 16.76 19.16 17.2 17.27 Cs 3.98 2.07 3.6 1.34 1.58 Fe2O3 9.38 11.01 9.46 10.36 10.47 Ba 375 449 407 632 588 MnO 0.16 0.19 0.15 0.19 0.19 La 54.3 71.3 42.9 80.2 79.3 MgO 4.38 4.86 4.08 4.52 4.63 Ce 101 134 87 149 147 CaO 8.74 9.5 8.95 9.04 9.24 Pr 10.6 14 9.03 15.6 15.5 Na2O 3.29 2.63 3.25 2.92 2.78 Nd 37.8 51 32.8 55.7 56.8 K2O 1.28 1.89 1.34 1.79 1.77 Sm 7.12 9.77 6.24 10.8 10.9 P2O5 0.41 0.69 0.34 0.59 0.59 Eu 1.99 2.5 1.81 2.88 2.86 烧失量(LOI) 1.24 1.18 1.01 1.62 1.42 Gd 5.84 8.02 5.19 8.78 8.89 总和 99.86 99.81 99.86 99.81 99.78 Tb 0.74 0.99 0.68 1.09 1.1 TFeO 8.44 9.91 8.51 9.32 9.42 Dy 3.96 5.21 3.77 5.69 5.73 K2O+Na2O 4.57 4.52 4.59 4.71 4.55 Ho 0.72 0.94 0.7 1.02 1.02 K2O/Na2O 0.39 0.72 0.41 0.61 0.64 Er 2.03 2.5 1.99 2.71 2.75 Mg# 48.05 46.65 46.07 46.36 46.69 Tm 0.27 0.34 0.27 0.37 0.38 δ 2.49 2.86 2.55 2.89 2.76 Yb 1.78 2.17 1.75 2.4 2.4 F1 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 Lu 0.27 0.32 0.26 0.36 0.35 F2 -1.42 -1.35 -1.41 -1.35 -1.36 Hf 4.05 4.86 3.79 5.36 5.33 Sc 23.5 24.3 22.1 25.3 25.6 Ta 0.55 0.63 0.46 0.66 0.61 V 247 271 268 277 276 Pb 12.6 12.9 12.5 15.1 14.3 Cr 18.5 9.96 6.97 11.4 10.7 Th 12.1 18 11.2 22 19.4 Co 27.6 28.7 27 28.8 29.3 U 2.38 4.33 2.28 4.81 4.2 Ni 11.2 8.64 6.87 8.63 8.36 ΣREE 228.42 303.06 194.39 336.60 334.98 Cu 58.6 192 14.1 160 105 LREE/HREE 18.42 19.24 16.31 19.38 19.19 Zn 122 103 103 104 109 (La/Yb)N 21.46 23.11 17.24 23.50 23.24 Ga 24 20.2 23.5 21.7 21.6 δEu 0.96 0.87 0.98 0.92 0.90 Ge 1.52 1.49 1.43 1.59 1.59 Zr/Ba 0.46 0.46 0.38 0.35 0.37 Rb 39.8 54.6 35.2 56.1 55.5 (Th/Ta)N 10.61 13.78 11.74 16.08 15.34 Sr 828 882 790 1166 1116 (La/Nb)N 4.24 5.74 3.94 6.08 6.38 Y 20.7 26.4 19.4 28.6 28.7 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6；Mg#=100×(MgO/40.304)/(MgO/40.304+2×Fe2O3/159.691+FeO/71.846); 里特曼指数δ=(K2O+Na2O)2/(SiO2-43); F1=0.0088(SiO2)-0.0774(TiO2)-0.0102(Al2O3)+0.0066(TFeO)-0.0017(MgO)-0.0143(CaO)-0.0155(Na2O)-0.0007(K2O); F2=-0.0130(SiO2)-0.0185(TiO2)-0.0129(Al2O3)-0.0134(TFeO)-0.0300(MgO)-0.0204(CaO)-0.0481(Na2O)+0.0715(K2O); δEu= EuN / $\sqrt {{\rm{S}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{N}}} * {\rm{G}}{{\rm{d}}_{\rm{N}}}} $
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