A landslide volume calculation method based on LiDAR topography and slip surface reconstruction: A case study of Deda ancient landslide in Batang County of Sichuan Province
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摘要:
由于滑坡具有突发性和运动速度快的特性，对社会和人类生命财产具有重大危害，往往滑坡体积和规模越大造成的危害也越大，因此，滑坡体积的精准计算对于防治工程的实施和防灾减灾风险评价尤为重要。目前滑坡体积计算常用的方法主要有野外测量法、几何法、数值模拟法、DEM（数字高程模型）法等，这些方法都具有一定的局限性，对于滑坡体积的计算结果精度较差。因此，提出了一种基于高精度的激光雷达（LiDAR）地形与滑动面重构的滑坡体积计算方法（LS-Drill_Volume），并以四川省巴塘县德达古滑坡为例进行滑坡体积的计算研究。通过采用机载LiDAR扫描获取德达古滑坡的地形数据；利用克里金插值法对滑坡边界点和钻孔数据进行插值，以此重构滑动面，获得滑动面高程；通过填挖方对滑坡体积进行计算，得到德达古滑坡体积为1259×104 m3，其中德达Ⅰ号滑坡体积为613×104 m3，Ⅱ号滑坡体积为646×104 m3，与野外测量法相比，体积计算精度分别提升了20.8%、21.4%和20.2%。此方法与现有体积测算方法相比，能够提供更精确的滑坡体体积，从而为滑坡评价及工程防治提供更可靠的依据。
Abstract:Because of its suddenly occurrence and rapid movement, the landslide could do great harm to the society and human life. Because the damage caused by landslide increases with the increase of landslide scale, the accurate calculation of landslide volume is extremely important for the disaster prevention and control projects, and the disaster prevention and mitigation risk evaluation. At present, the commonly used methods for landslide volume calculation mainly include field measurement method, geometric method, numerical simulation method, and DEM method, etc., but there are some certain limitations and poor accuracy of landslide volume calculation results in some of those methods. Therefore, a landslide volume calculation method was proposed, which is based on the high-precision LiDAR terrain and sliding surface reconstruction and named LS-Drill_Volume. The Deda ancient landslide, distributed in Batang County of Sichuan Province, was taken as an example for the LS-Drill_Volume study. The airborne LiDAR scanning method was used to obtain the topographic data of Deda ancient landslide, the landslide boundary points and drill data were interpolated by Kriging interpolation method, and then the sliding surface was reconstructed. Based on the obtained the elevation of the sliding surface, by means of ArcGIS software, the landslide volume was finally calculated by filling and excavation. The calculating results show that the volume of Deda ancient landslide is 1259×104 m3, of which the volume of Deda Ⅰ landslide section is 613×104 m3, and the volume of landslide Ⅱ section is 646×104 m3. Compared with the field measurement method, the volume calculation accuracy is improved by 20.8%, 21.4% and 20.2%, respectively. Compared with the existing volume measurement methods, this method can provide more accurate volume of landslide, so as to provide more reliable basis for landslide evaluation and prevention engineering.
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Key words:
- landslide volume /
- sliding surface /
- LiDAR /
- drill /
- Deda ancient landslide
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表 1 德达Ⅰ号滑体滑动面趋势效应
Table 1. Trend effect analysis of the sliding surface of Deda Ⅰ landslide
趋势效应 标准平均值(ME) 均方根预测误差(RMSE) 平均标准误差(ASE) 标准均方根预测误差(RMSSE) |RMSE-ASE| 无 0.60 18.67 23.02 0.83 4.35 一阶 -0.51 18.60 18.07 1.03 0.53 二阶 -0.88 19.50 18.00 1.08 1.50 三阶 -1.22 19.27 16.20 1.19 3.07 
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表 2 德达Ⅱ号滑体滑动面趋势效应
Table 2. Trend effect analysis of the sliding surface of Deda Ⅱ landslide
趋势效应 标准平均值(ME) 均方根预测误差(RMSE) 平均标准误差(ASE) 标准均方根预测误差(RMSSE) |RMSE-ASE| 无 0.33 11.83 7.88 1.58 3.95 一阶 -0.76 12.00 13.17 0.94 1.17 二阶 0.03 13.09 13.18 0.97 0.09 三阶 0.19 13.18 11.40 1.16 1.77
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表 3 德达古滑坡体积计算结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of calculation resultsof the Deda ancient landslide
滑坡体 野外测量估算体积/104 m3 LS-Drill_Volume方法计算体积/104 m3 建议体积/104 m3 基于本文方法的计算精度提升/% Ⅰ号滑坡体 780 613 613 21.4 Ⅱ号滑坡体 810 646 646 20.2 滑坡总体积 1590 1259 1259 20.8
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