三种典型工业固废钝化重金属污染土壤的研究进展

邓宗义; 朱立新; 孙体昌; 韩文丽; 连宵宵; 徐宏达

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2024.04.013

三种典型工业固废钝化重金属污染土壤的研究进展

1.
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083

2.
南京资源生态科学研究院，江苏　南京　210000

详细信息

作者简介: 邓宗义（1997-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为环境污染修复研究

通讯作者: 孙体昌（1958-），男，教授，研究方向为矿物加工与环境工程

中图分类号: TD989

收稿日期: 2022-10-20

刊出日期: 2024-08-25

Research Progress of Three Typical Industrial Solid Wastes Passivated Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

1.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

2.
Nanjing Academy of Resources and Ecology Sciences, Nangjing 210000, Jiangsu, China

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Tichang, suntc@ces.ustb.edu.cn

Received Date: 20 October 2022

Publish Date: 25 August 2024

摘要

摘要:
这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。土壤重金属污染问题与我国耕地面积安全和粮食安全密切相关,将工业固体废弃物应用于钝化重金属污染土壤是一种低成本、高收益的解决方案。文章梳理了赤泥、粉煤灰和钢渣三种典型工业固废钝化重金属污染土壤的研究进展,系统总结了赤泥、粉煤灰和钢渣对土壤重金属存在状态和植物生长情况的影响作用,并对赤泥、粉煤灰和钢渣作为土壤钝化剂使用时的缺点和潜在问题进行了分析。
- 工业固废 /
- 重金属 /
- 土壤 /
- 钝化修复 /
- 环境工程
Abstract:
This is an article in the field of environmental engineering. The problem of soil heavy metal pollution is closely related to the security of arable land area and food security in China, and the application of industrial solid waste to passivate heavy metal contaminated soil is a low-cost and high-yield solution.This article combs the progress of research on the passivation of heavy metal contaminated soil by three typical industrial solid wastes, namely, red mud, fly ash and steel slag, systematically reviews the effects of red mud, fly ash and steel slag on the occurrence form of heavy metals in soil and crop growth, and analyzes the disadvantages and potential problems in the use of red mud, fly ash and steel slag as soil passivation agents.
- Industrial solid waste /
- Heavy metals /
- Soil /
- Passivation repair /
- Environmental engineering

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图 1 三种典型工业固体废弃物修复机理

Figure 1.

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表 1 赤泥的化学组成与含量/%^[12]

Table 1. Chemical composition and content of red mud

赤泥类型	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	CaO	Fe₂O₃	Na₂O	TiO₂	K₂O
联合法赤泥	5.4～7.5	20～20.5	44～47	6.1～7.5	2.8～3	6～7.7	0.5～0.73
烧结法赤泥	5～7	19～22	44～48	8～12	2～2.5	2～2.5	—
拜耳法赤泥	13～25	5～10	15～31	21～37	0.5～3.7	0.1～10	—
表中“—”表示未检出

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表 2 粉煤灰的化学组成和含量/%^[12]

Table 2. Chemical composition and content of fly ash

Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O和 Na₂O	SO₃	Loss
20～30	40～60	4～10	2.5～7	0.5～2.5	0.5～2.5	0.1～1.5	3～30

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表 3 三种施用方法钝化土壤重金属的效果对比

Table 3. Comparison of the effects of three application types on soil heavy metals passivation

施用类型	钝化重金属类型	主要钝化机理	对重金属形态影响
单独施用	Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等	离子交换吸附、专性吸附、沉淀作用、共沉淀（以钢渣为主）	主要促进可交换态重金属向碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物态转变
复合施用	Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、As等	离子交换吸附、专性吸附、沉淀作用、共沉淀（以钢渣为主），有机络合	可提高有机结合态和残渣态重金属比例
改性处理	Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等	离子交换吸附、专性吸附、沉淀作用、共沉淀（以钢渣为主）	可提高铁锰氧化物态和残渣态重金属比例

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表 4 三种钝化剂对植物体内重金属含量及生长情况的影响

Table 4. Effects of three passivators on heavy metal content and growth of plants

钝化剂种类及用量		植物种类	植物体内重金属含量/%	植物生长情况
赤泥	3%赤泥+1%蚕沙	小白菜	Cd、Pb、Zn分别降低70.45%, 42.46%和29.19%^[33]	株高和生物量得到提高
	5.0 g/kg土	水稻	糙米中Cd、Pb、Zn分别降低 29.54%,21.23%和12.05%^[39]	产量提高10.34%
	1%赤泥	水稻（浙优12）	根、秸秆、籽粒中的Cd降低 40.2%,48.8%和66.7%^[43]	—
	2.5 mg/kg	菜心	菜心中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn分别降低 68.6%,87.%,76.65%和79.1%^[25]	茎叶干重增加10.07倍
	3%赤泥	小麦	—	小麦总根长、总体积和总表表面积分别增加88.23%,90.32%和75%[45]
粉煤灰	20 g/kg	小白菜	Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr分别降低 57%,66%,53%,54%^[49]	鲜重生物量,株高,发芽率均有提高
粉煤灰	1.5%改性粉煤灰（IP)	印度芥菜	地上部Cd降低37.51%^[42]	鲜重量和株高分别提高20%和42.44%
钢渣	3.0 g/kg	水稻（黄花占）	稻米中Cd、Pb分别降低 63.8%和73.1%^[24]	产量提高25.6%
钢渣	0.6%钢渣+0.15%生物炭	杂交水稻（天优998）	水稻糙米Cd、As分别降低 41.9%和20%^[22]	稻谷产量增加31%
注：表中“—”表示参考文献中未提及

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