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摘要:
为了解决化工行业聚氯化铝渣的堆存及资源浪费问题，论文以聚氯化铝渣为原料，在高温下制备聚氯化铝渣烧结砖，研究不同成型条件和烧结条件对该砖的影响，并利用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征聚氯化铝渣烧结砖在烧结过程中的物相组成，分析其演变过程。结果表明， 聚氯化铝渣烧结砖的较优成型压力为27.5 MPa、成型水分为17.5%、升温方式为直接烧结、升温速率为8 ℃/min及烧结温度为1 100 ℃；该条件下烧结砖的抗压强度为33.5 MPa、吸水率为18.63%、体积密度为1.73 g/cm、线收缩率为6.6%，满足国家标准《烧结普通砖》（GB/T 5101—2017）中MU30等级要求；聚氯化铝渣烧结砖1 100 ℃时的主要物相是石英和硅酸铝，石英和其他助熔物形成液相填充到孔隙中，使结构更加致密。上述结果为聚氯化铝渣制备成烧结砖提供借鉴意义。
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of stockpiling and resource waste of polyaluminum chloride slags in the chemical industry, this paper uses polyaluminum chloride slags as raw materials to prepare sintered bricks with polyaluminum chloride slags at high temperature, studies the influence of different molding conditions and sintering conditions on sintered bricks with polyaluminum chloride slags, and uses X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the phase composition of sintered bricks with polyaluminum chloride slags in the sintering process, and analyzes its evolution process. The results show that the optimum molding pressure, molding moisture, heating mode, heating rate and sintering temperature are 27.5 MPa, 17.5%, direct sintering, 8 ℃/min and 1 100 ℃ respectively. At this condition, the compressive strength of sintered brick is 33.5 MPa, the water absorption rate is 18.63%, the bulk density is 1.73 g/cm3, and the linear shrinkage rate is 6.6%, meeting the requirements of MU30 grade in the national standard 《Fired common bricks》(GB/T 5101—2017). The research shows that the main phase of the sintered brick is quartz, quartz and other fluxes form liquid phase to fill the pores, which makes the structure more compact. The above results can be used for references in preparing sintered bricks from polyaluminum chloride slags.
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表 1 聚氯化铝渣的化学成分/%
Table 1. Chemical composition of polyaluminum chloride slags
名称 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O Fe2O3 Na2O Cl- TiO2 其他 聚氯化铝渣 51.10 27.93 3.78 3.56 0.61 3.66 0.17 2.59 5.74 0.86 推荐值[7] 35～80 8～30 0.5～18 0～5 0.14～4.5 2～10 0.1～1.5 - - - 
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表 2 聚氯化铝渣的特征粒径
Table 2. Characteristic particle size of polyaluminum chloride slags
特征粒径/μm 不均匀系数 d10 d50 d60 d97 Cu 1.52 29.69 44.62 195.73 12
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表 3 升温方式对烧结砖性能的影响
Table 3. Effect of heating mode on properties of sintered bricks
升温方式 抗压强度/
MPa体积密度/
(g/cm3)收缩率/
%吸水率/
%400 ℃保温2 h 18.72 1.62 4.26 21.90 不保温 21.20 1.61 4.70 22.49 500 ℃保温2 h 20.57 1.60 4.86 23.20
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表 4 升温速率对烧结砖性能的影响
Table 4. Effect of heat in grate on properties of sintered bricks
升温速率/
（℃/min）抗压强度/
MPa体积密度/
（g/cm3）线收缩率/
%吸水率/
%4 21.20 1.61 4.70 22.49 6 22.40 1.59 5.00 23.10 8 24.50 1.60 5.06 23.23 10 23.70 1.62 5.19 22.85
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表 5 聚氯化铝渣烧结砖与标准烧结砖对比情况
Table 5. Comparison of sintered bricks made of polyaluminum chloride slags and standard sintered bricks
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