津冀海岸线现状、变化特征及保护建议
The present situa-tion and changing characteristics of the shorelines along Tianjin-Hebei coastal areas and proposal for protection
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摘要: 根据覆盖全区的3期遥感影像和实地调查，以及对滨海新区和滦河口2个典型区更深入的案例研究（包括回溯至1870年、1950年的基准岸线及逐年遥感信息），对津冀沿海海岸线现状进行解译和分类，并分析岸线变化特征及成因。津冀沿海现状岸线总长度894km，可以划分为自然岸线、半开发岸线和人工岸线3类，长度分别为90km、329km和475km。1950年以前为自然因素主导的岸线变化，1950年以后变为人类活动主导的岸线向海推进，逐渐加强的人类活动至2010年达到顶峰。在全球海面上升和区域地面下沉的大背景下，海岸线的自然演化趋势应该是向陆蚀退，但是人类活动主导的岸线变化却表现为违反自然趋势的向海推进。今后，向海推进最前沿的围海造陆区将受到来自海洋越来越强烈的影响，亟需加强监测和防护。兼顾环境保护与开发两方面的长远需求，建议赋予海岸线新的定义与内涵，划定岸线保护红线，恢复部分岸线的自然属性。Abstract: Based on 3-period remote sensing images covering the whole study area, field investigations and two case studies of both Binhai New Area and Luanhe Estuary, which consist of the historical shorelines back to the 1870 and the 1950 as the basal lines and year by year remote sensing images since 2000, the present shorelines of Tianjin-Hebei coastal areas are interpreted and classified for their characteristics and the causes of changes. The results show that the total length of the present shorelines of Tianjin-Hebei coastal areas is 894km, which can be divided into three types, i.e., natural shoreline of 90km, semi-developed shoreline of 329km, and the artificial shoreline of 475km. Multi-temporal data comparison shows that shoreline changes were dominated by natural factors before 1950, but after 1950 it was gradually dominated by intensifying human activities with the climax in 2010. In the global sea-level rise and regional land subsidence background, the natural trend of shorelines should be characterized by landward retreat; nevertheless, with the human activities, the shorelines are showing anti-natural trend of seaward movement. As a new land margin, the reclamation area will be affected firstly by increasingly enhanced marine influence, and thus monitoring and protection must be carried out immediately. Taking into account long-term needs of both development and enviornmental protection, the authors suggest re-defining the regional shorelines and giving their new function, including delineation of the red line and restoration of some semi-developed sectors to their natural properties.
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